Clough-Tocher插值技术是一种源于有限元方法的技术，它首先将离散点三角化形成临时TIN，然后在每个三角形上定义双变量多项式，创建一系列三角形表面补丁。该技术速度快，能够快速处理大量离散点集，并倾向于提供平滑的插值表面。
Clough-Tocher
The Clough-Tocher interpolation technique is often referred to in the literature as a finite element method because it has origins in the finite element method of numerical analysis. Before any points are interpolated, the scatter points are first triangulated to form a temporary TIN. A bivariate polynomial is defined over each triangle, creating a surface made up of a series of triangular Clough-Tocher surface patches.
The Twelve Parameters Used to Define the Clough-Tocher Triangle
The Clough-Tocher patch is a cubic polynomial defined by twelve parameters shown in the following figure: the function values, f, and the first derivatives, fx & fy, at each vertex, and the normal derivatives, , at the midpoint of the three edges in the triangle (Clough & Tocher, 1965; Lancaster & Salkauskas, 1986). The first derivatives at the vertices are estimated using the average slopes of the surrounding triangles. The element is partitioned into three subelements along seams defined by the centroid and the vertices of the triangle.
A complete cubic polynomial of the form:
is created over each sub-triangle with slope continuity across the seams and across the boundaries of the triangle. Second derivative continuity is not maintained across the seams of the triangle.
Since the Clough-Tocher scheme is a local scheme, it has the advantage of speed. Even very large scatter point sets can be interpolated quickly. It also tends to give a smooth interpolating surface which brings out local trends in the dataset quite accurately.
Since a TIN only covers the convex hull of a scatter point set, extrapolation beyond the convex hull is not possible with the Clough-Tocher interpolation scheme. Any points outside the convex hull of the scatter point set are assigned the default extrapolation value entered at the bottom of the Interpolation Options dialog.
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