【LeetCode & 剑指offer 刷题笔记】目录(持续更新中...)
Longest Increasing Subsequence
Given an unsorted array of integers, find the length of longest increasing subsequence.
Example:
Input:
[10,9,2,5,3,7,101,18]
Output:
4
Explanation:
The longest increasing subsequence is
[2,3,7,101]
, therefore the length is
4
.
Note:
-
There may be more than one LIS combination, it is only necessary for you to return the length.
-
Your algorithm should run in O( n 2 ) complexity.
Follow up:
Could you improve it to O(n log n) time complexity?
C++
//问题:找最长递增子序列(可以不要求连续)
/*
方法:动态规划
dp[i]表示以nums[i]为结尾的最长递增子串的长度
dp[i] = max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1)
O(n^2) O(n)
*/
class
Solution
{
public
:
int
lengthOfLIS
(
vector
<
int
>&
nums
)
{
vector
<
int
>
dp
(
nums
.
size
(),
1
);
//dp值初始化为1,dp[0] = 1,一个元素长度为1
int
res
=
0
;
for
(
int
i
=
0
;
i
<
nums
.
size
();
i
++)
//遍历数组,以num[i]结尾
{
for
(
int
j
=
0
;
j
<
i
;
j
++)
//遍历num[i]以前的数(i=0~n-1,j=0~i-1)
{
if
(
nums
[
j
]
<
nums
[
i
]
)
//当遇到递增对时,dp[j]+1,更新dp[i]
dp
[i] = max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1);
}
res
=
max
(
res
,
dp
[
i
]);
//选择dp[i]中的最大值,因为不确定以哪个num[i]结尾的递增子序列最长
}
return
res
;
}
};
/*
掌握
* 方法:动态规划+二分查找
* 具体过程:dp存最长递增子序列
注意:数组dp不一定是真实的LIS,只是长度一致
* 例:
input: [0, 8, 4, 12, 2]
dp: [0]
dp: [0, 8]
dp: [0, 4]
dp: [0, 4, 12]
dp: [0 , 2, 12] which is not the longest increasing subsequence, but length of dp array results in length of Longest Increasing Subsequence.
* O(nlogn) O(n)
*/
#include <algorithm>
class
Solution
{
public
:
int
lengthOfLIS
(
vector
<
int
>&
a
)
{
if
(
a
.
empty
())
return
0
;
vector
<
int
>
dp
;
for
(
int
ai
:
a
)
{
//lower_bound返回第一个大于等于ai的位置,函数参数为(first,last) last指向区间末尾位置
//在dp[first,last)序列中寻找ai可以满足增序插入的位置,如果找不到,说明ai比区间所有值大,返回last
//因为dp维护成一个增序数组,故可用二分查找法
auto
it
=
lower_bound(dp.begin(), dp.end(), ai);
//查找第一个大于等于ai的位置(
查找ai可以插入的位置
)
if
(
it
==
dp
.
end
())
//如果区间中不存在,则push到末尾
dp
.
push_back
(
ai
);
else
//如果存在,则替换对应位置的元素
*
it
=
ai
;
}
return
dp
.
size
();
}
};