XHTML

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-20 16:06:21 发布

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/vam/archive/2007/06/27/797441.html

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XHTML Syntax

XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML.
In addition, you should start NOW to write your HTML code in lowercase letters, and NEVER skip ending tags (like </p>).
XHTML Elements Must Be Properly Nested
XHTML Elements Must Always Be Closed
Empty Elements Must Also Be Closed
XHTML Elements Must Be In Lower Case
XHTML Documents Must Have One Root Element
Attribute Values Must Be Quoted

Attribute Minimization Is Forbidden

The id Attribute Replaces The name Attribute

To make your XHTML compatible with today's browsers, you should add an extra space before the "/" symbol.
Mandatory XHTML Elements

All XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The html, head and body elements must be present, and the title must be present inside the head element.
This is a minimum XHTML document template:

<! DOCTYPE Doctype goes here >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
< title > Title goes here </ title >
</ head >< body >
</ body ></ html >

Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element, and it should not have a closing tag.

Note: The xmlns attribute inside the <html> tag is required in XHTML. However, the validator on w3.org does not complain when this attribute is missing in an XHTML document. This is because "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is a fixed value and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it.

XHTML DTD

The XHTML standard defines three Document Type Definitions.

<!DOCTYPE> Is Mandatory
An XHTML document consists of three main parts:
- the DOCTYPE
- the Head
- the Body
This is a simple (minimal) XHTML document:

<! DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" >
< html >
< head >
< title > simple document </ title >
</ head >
< body >
< p > a simple paragraph </ p >
</ body >
</ html >

The 3 Document Type Definitions
- DTD specifies the syntax of a web page in SGML.
- DTD is used by SGML applications, such as HTML, to specify rules that apply to the markup of documents of a particular type, including a set of element and entity declarations.
- XHTML is specified in an SGML document type definition or 'DTD'.
- An XHTML DTD describes in precise, computer-readable language, the allowed syntax and grammar of XHTML markup.

There are currently 3 XHTML document types:

XHTML Modularization
With modular XHTML, designers can:

Choose the elements to be supported by a device using standard XHTML building blocks
Add extensions to XHTML, using XML, without breaking the XHTML standard
Simplify XHTML for devices like hand held computers, mobile phones, TV, and home appliances
Extend XHTML for complex applications by adding new XML functionality (like MathML, SVG, Voice and Multimedia)
Define XHTML profiles like XHTML Basic (a subset of XHTML for mobile devices)

W3C has split the definition of XHTML into 28 modules:

Module name	Description
Applet Module	Defines the deprecated* applet element
Base Module	Defines the base element
Basic Forms Module	Defines the basic forms elements
Basic Tables Module	Defines the basic table elements
Bi-directional Text Module	Defines the bdo element
Client Image Map Module	Defines browser side image map elements
Edit Module	Defines the editing elements del and ins
Forms Module	Defines all elements used in forms
Frames Module	Defines the frameset elements
Hypertext Module	Defines the a element
Iframe Module	Defines the iframe element
Image Module	Defines the img element
Intrinsic Events Module	Defines event attributes like onblur and onchange
Legacy Module	Defines deprecated* elements and attributes
Link Module	Defines the link element
List Module	Defines the list elements ol, li, ul, dd, dt, and dl
Metainformation Module	Defines the meta element
Name Identification Module	Defines the deprecated* name attribute
Object Module	Defines the object and param elements
Presentation Module	Defines presentation elements like b and i
Scripting Module	Defines the script and noscript elements
Server Image Map Module	Defines server side image map elements
Structure Module	Defines the elements html, head, title and body
Style Attribute Module	Defines the style attribute
Style Sheet Module	Defines the style element
Tables Module	Defines the elements used in tables
Target Module	Defines the target attribute
Text Module	Defines text container elements like p and h1