C#中常涉及到对用户密码的加密于解密的算法,其中使用MD5加密是最常见的的实现方式。本文总结了通用的算法并结合了自己的一点小经验,分享给大家。
一.使用16位、32位、64位MD5方法对用户名加密
1)16位的MD5加密
/// <summary>
/// 16位MD5加密
/// </summary> /// <param name="password"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string MD5Encrypt16(string password) { var md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider(); string t2 = BitConverter.ToString(md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(password)), 4, 8); t2 = t2.Replace("-", ""); return t2; }
2)32位的MD5加密
/// <summary>
/// 32位MD5加密
/// </summary> /// <param name="password"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string MD5Encrypt32(string password) { string cl = password; string pwd = ""; MD5 md5 = MD5.Create(); //实例化一个md5对像 // 加密后是一个字节类型的数组,这里要注意编码UTF8/Unicode等的选择 byte[] s = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(cl)); // 通过使用循环,将字节类型的数组转换为字符串,此字符串是常规字符格式化所得 for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++) { // 将得到的字符串使用十六进制类型格式。格式后的字符是小写的字母,如果使用大写(X)则格式后的字符是大写字符 pwd = pwd + s[i].ToString("X"); } return pwd; }
3)64位的MD5加密
public static string MD5Encrypt64(string password)
{
string cl = password; //string pwd = ""; MD5 md5 = MD5.Create(); //实例化一个md5对像 // 加密后是一个字节类型的数组,这里要注意编码UTF8/Unicode等的选择 byte[] s = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(cl)); return Convert.ToBase64String(s); }
4)使用MD5为用户密码加密
/// <summary>
/// 加密用户密码
/// </summary> /// <param name="password">密码</param> /// <param name="codeLength">加密位数</param> /// <returns>加密密码</returns> public static string md5(string password, int codeLength) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(password)) { // 16位MD5加密(取32位加密的9~25字符) if (codeLength == 16) { return System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(password, "MD5").ToLower().Substring(8, 16); } // 32位加密 if (codeLength == 32) { return System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(password, "MD5").ToLower(); } } return string.Empty; }
由于MD5是不可逆的,所以加密之后就无法解密,取用户名和密码时候,需要再加密一边用户输入的数据与数据库中已加密的数据进行比对。如果比对结果一致,则可以判定登陆成功!代码如下所示:
/// <summary>
/// 登陆
/// </summary> public Model.UserInfo UserLogOn(string USERID, string pwd, out string statusCode) { //假设已经通过用户ID获取到UserInfo的Model对象 Model.UserInfo model = GetModel(USERID); if (model != null) { if (model.PASSWORD == MD5Encrypt64(pwd)) { statusCode = "登陆成功"; } else { statusCode = “密码错误”; } } else { statusCode = "用户不存在!"; model = null; } return model; }
5)通过DESCryptoServiceProvider对象对字符串进行加密解密
/// <summary>
/// DES数据加密
/// </summary> /// <param name="targetValue">目标值</param> /// <param name="key">密钥</param> /// <returns>加密值</returns> public static string Encrypt(string targetValue, string key) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(targetValue)) { return string.Empty; } var returnValue = new StringBuilder(); var des = new DESCryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] inputByteArray = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(targetValue); // 通过两次哈希密码设置对称算法的初始化向量 des.Key = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile (FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(key, "md5"). Substring(0, 8), "sha1").Substring(0, 8)); // 通过两次哈希密码设置算法的机密密钥 des.IV = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile (FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(key, "md5") .Substring(0, 8), "md5").Substring(0, 8)); var ms = new MemoryStream(); var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, des.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write); cs.Write(inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length); cs.FlushFinalBlock(); foreach (byte b in ms.ToArray()) { returnValue.AppendFormat("{0:X2}", b); } return returnValue.ToString(); }
此种算法可以通过加密密钥进行解密,解密方法如下:
/// <summary>
/// DES数据解密
/// </summary> /// <param name="targetValue"></param> /// <param name="key"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Decrypt(string targetValue, string key) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(targetValue)) { return string.Empty; } // 定义DES加密对象 var des = new DESCryptoServiceProvider(); int len = targetValue.Length / 2; var inputByteArray = new byte[len]; int x, i; for (x = 0; x < len; x++) { i = Convert.ToInt32(targetValue.Substring(x * 2, 2), 16); inputByteArray[x] = (byte)i; } // 通过两次哈希密码设置对称算法的初始化向量 des.Key = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile (FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(key, "md5"). Substring(0, 8), "sha1").Substring(0, 8)); // 通过两次哈希密码设置算法的机密密钥 des.IV = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile (FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(key, "md5") .Substring(0, 8), "md5").Substring(0, 8)); // 定义内存流 var ms = new MemoryStream(); // 定义加密流 var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, des.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write); cs.Write(inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length); cs.FlushFinalBlock(); return Encoding.Default.GetString(ms.ToArray()); }