kotlin延迟属性、属性监听、局部变量委托

1.延迟属性

（1）概念

​ 属性通过lazy()函数返回Lazy作为委托对象实现延迟初始化，返回的Lazy对象实现了getValue符合只读委托属性的方法，因此可作为只读属性的委托对象。

LazyJVM.kt部分源码：

lazy(initializer: () -> T)方法传入一个lambda表达式返回需要委托的属性初始值，并返回委托对象Lazy。

/**
 * Creates a new instance of the [Lazy] that uses the specified initialization function [initializer]
 * and the default thread-safety mode [LazyThreadSafetyMode.SYNCHRONIZED].
 *
 * If the initialization of a value throws an exception, it will attempt to reinitialize the value at next access.
 *
 * Note that the returned instance uses itself to synchronize on. Do not synchronize from external code on
 * the returned instance as it may cause accidental deadlock. Also this behavior can be changed in the future.
 */
public actual fun <T> lazy(initiali