1.lxml 是一种使用 Python 编写的库,可以迅速、灵活地处理 XML ，支持 XPath (XML Path Language)，使用 lxml 的 etree 库来进行爬取网站信息
2.Beautiful Soup支持从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库；支持Python标准库中的HTML解析器；还支持一些第三方的解析器lxml, 使用的是 Xpath 语法
Beautiful Soup自动将输入文档转换为Unicode编码，输出文档转换为utf-8编码。
我们爬取腾讯招聘网站的链接为https://hr.tencent.com/position.php?&start=10#a
需要获取职位名称、职位类别、招聘人数、工作地点、发布时间等信息
一、使用etree爬取信息
1.导入库
1 from lxml import etree 2 from urllib import request#进一步了解urllib和requests的区别 3 import json
在python.3中使用urllib库中的request模块,保存输出为json文件
2.获取网站并写到json文件中
1 response=request.urlopen('https://hr.tencent.com/position.php?&start=10#a')#获取网站链接 2 resHtml=response.read() 3 output=open('tencent1.json','wb+')#使用二进制方式打开，写入到json文件
如果只使用w来写入文件会报错：
1 write() argument must be str, not bytes
我们需要用二进制来打开改为wb+
3.获取我们需要得到的标签
1 html=etree.HTML(resHtml) 2 result=html.xpath('//tr[@class="odd"] | //tr[@class="even"]')#获取tr标签下的所有class只有odd和even,用|并列 3 for site in result: 4 item={ }
必须是字典形式，先定义一个空字典
1 name=site.xpath('./td[1]/a')[0].text 2 detailLink=site.xpath('./td[1]/a')[0].attrib['href'] 3 catalog=site.xpath('./td[2]')[0].text 4 recruitNumber=site.xpath('./td[3]')[0].text 5 workLocation=site.xpath('./td[4]')[0].text 6 publishTime=site.xpath('./td[5]')[0].text
找到我们需要的字段
4.规范输出形式
1 print(type(name)) 2 print(name,detailLink,catalog,recruitNumber,workLocation,publishTime) 3 item['name']=name 4 item['detailLink']=detailLink 5 item['catalog']=catalog 6 item['recruitNumber']=recruitNumber 7 item['publishTime']=publishTime 8 9 line = json.dumps(item,ensure_ascii=False) + '\n' 10 print(line) 11 output.write(line.encode('utf-8'))#编码格式 12 13 output.close()
运行后结果如下：
<class 'str'> 23677-互娱服务采购经理 position_detail.php?id=44802&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 职能类 1 深圳 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "职能类", "name": "23677-互娱服务采购经理", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44802&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 22989-腾讯云块存储底层开发工程师（深圳） position_detail.php?id=44803&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 技术类 2 深圳 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "技术类", "name": "22989-腾讯云块存储底层开发工程师（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "2", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44803&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 24549-渠道管理经理（政策管理方向-上海） position_detail.php?id=44804&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 市场类 1 上海 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "市场类", "name": "24549-渠道管理经理（政策管理方向-上海）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44804&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 24549-渠道管理经理（ROC管理方向-上海） position_detail.php?id=44805&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 市场类 1 上海 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "市场类", "name": "24549-渠道管理经理（ROC管理方向-上海）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44805&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 24549-广告营销业务分析师（上海） position_detail.php?id=44806&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 市场类 1 上海 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "市场类", "name": "24549-广告营销业务分析师（上海）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44806&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 28297-RPG手游—市场和平台渠道推广（深圳） position_detail.php?id=44809&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 产品/项目类 1 深圳 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "产品/项目类", "name": "28297-RPG手游—市场和平台渠道推广（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44809&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 21309-在线教育-运营视觉设计师（深圳） position_detail.php?id=44800&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 设计类 2 深圳 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "设计类", "name": "21309-在线教育-运营视觉设计师（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "2", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44800&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 21309-在线教育-UI设计师（深圳） position_detail.php?id=44801&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 设计类 2 深圳 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "设计类", "name": "21309-在线教育-UI设计师（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "2", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44801&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 22989-数据库高级产品运营经理 position_detail.php?id=44795&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 产品/项目类 1 北京 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "产品/项目类", "name": "22989-数据库高级产品运营经理", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44795&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"} <class 'str'> 27087-海外区域中心空间运营经理（深圳） position_detail.php?id=44797&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0 市场类 1 深圳 2018-10-16 {"catalog": "市场类", "name": "27087-海外区域中心空间运营经理（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44797&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
导出的json文件如下：
{"catalog": "职能类", "name": "23677-互娱服务采购经理", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44802&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "技术类", "name": "22989-腾讯云块存储底层开发工程师（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "2", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44803&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "市场类", "name": "24549-渠道管理经理（政策管理方向-上海）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44804&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "市场类", "name": "24549-渠道管理经理（ROC管理方向-上海）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44805&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "市场类", "name": "24549-广告营销业务分析师（上海）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44806&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "产品/项目类", "name": "28297-RPG手游—市场和平台渠道推广（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44809&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "设计类", "name": "21309-在线教育-运营视觉设计师（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "2", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44800&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "设计类", "name": "21309-在线教育-UI设计师（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "2", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44801&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "产品/项目类", "name": "22989-数据库高级产品运营经理", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44795&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
{"catalog": "市场类", "name": "27087-海外区域中心空间运营经理（深圳）", "recruitNumber": "1", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44797&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0"}
二、使用Beautiful Soup爬取信息
1.导入库
1 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 2 from urllib import request 3 import json
2.获取网站并写到json文件中
1 response=request.urlopen('https://hr.tencent.com/position.php?&start=10#a') 2 resHtml=response.read() 3 output=open('tencent2.json','wb+')
3.获取我们需要得到的标签
1 html = BeautifulSoup(resHtml,'lxml') 2 result = html.select('tr[class="even"]') 3 result2= html.select('tr[class="odd"]') 4 result+=result2 5 print(len(result)) 6 7 for site in result: 8 item = {} 9 10 name = site.select('td a')[0].get_text() 11 detailLink = site.select('td a')[0].attrs['href']#Tag就是 HTML 中的一个个标签，它的两个属性是name和attrs 12 catalog = site.select('td ')[1].get_text() 13 recruitNumber = site.select('td ')[2].get_text() 14 workLocation = site.select('td ')[3].get_text() 15 publishTime = site.select('td ')[4].get_text()
4.规范输出形式
1 item['name']=name 2 item['detailLink'] = detailLink 3 item['catalog'] = catalog 4 item['recruitNumber'] = recruitNumber 5 item['workLocation'] = workLocation 6 item['publishTime'] = publishTime 7 8 line = json.dumps(item,ensure_ascii=False) 9 print(line) 10 11 output.write(line.encode('utf-8')) 12 13 output.close()
运行结果如下：
1 10 2 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44802&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "职能类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "1", "name": "23677-互娱服务采购经理", "workLocation": "深圳"} 3 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44804&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "市场类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "1", "name": "24549-渠道管理经理（政策管理方向-上海）", "workLocation": "上海"} 4 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44806&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "市场类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "1", "name": "24549-广告营销业务分析师（上海）", "workLocation": "上海"} 5 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44800&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "设计类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "2", "name": "21309-在线教育-运营视觉设计师（深圳）", "workLocation": "深圳"} 6 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44795&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "产品/项目类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "1", "name": "22989-数据库高级产品运营经理", "workLocation": "北京"} 7 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44803&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "技术类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "2", "name": "22989-腾讯云块存储底层开发工程师（深圳）", "workLocation": "深圳"} 8 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44805&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "市场类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "1", "name": "24549-渠道管理经理（ROC管理方向-上海）", "workLocation": "上海"} 9 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44809&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "产品/项目类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "1", "name": "28297-RPG手游—市场和平台渠道推广（深圳）", "workLocation": "深圳"} 10 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44801&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "设计类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "2", "name": "21309-在线教育-UI设计师（深圳）", "workLocation": "深圳"} 11 {"detailLink": "position_detail.php?id=44797&keywords=&tid=0&lid=0", "catalog": "市场类", "publishTime": "2018-10-16", "recruitNumber": "1", "name": "27087-海外区域中心空间运营经理（深圳）", "workLocation": "深圳"}
以上为两种方法爬取网站信息，个人觉得用Beautiful Soup爬取比较方便
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