有关WMI的小知识
Windows管理规范(WMI)是微软对来自分布式管理任务组(DMTF)的基于Web的企业管理(WBEM)和通用信息模型(CIM)标准的实现。WMI用于访问Windows系统、应用、网络、设备等组件,并管理它们。连接到一台机器通过DCOM进行管理。因此,有关DCOM的小知识将有助于本文的理解。你可以到MSDN了解有关WMI的更多细节。
J-Interop
市场上有一些在使用 JAVA 调用 WMI的好库,包括 J-Interop、JACOB-Project 和 J-Integra。其中,我更喜欢J-Interop,因为它是完全免费和开源的API。它提供了没有任何依赖的纯DCOM桥,完全用Java编写的没有任何JNI代码。
使用WMI管理Windows服务
现在,来看一个使用JAVA调用WMI的例子。这个例子利用J-Interop的API使用Win32_Service类解释WMI操作,将启动和停止在这个例子中的窗口服务。
步骤1:连接到WBEM服务
下面的代码示例显示了使用J-Interop如何初始化DCOM会话,并连接到远程DCOM服务使。它使用SWbemLocator对象连接到SWbemServices,SWbemServices对象提供对本地或远程计算机WMI的访问,它调用“ConnectServer”方法连接到SWbemServices。在本例中,提供管理员级别的用户连接到远程计算机。
JISessiondcomSession=JISession.createSession(domainName,userName,password);dcomSession.useSessionSecurity(false);JIComServercomServer=newJIComServer(valueOf("WbemScripting.SWbemLocator"),hostIP,dcomSession);IJIDispatchwbemLocator=(IJIDispatch)narrowObject(comServer.createInstance().queryInterface(IID));//parameterstoconnecttoWbemScripting.SWbemLocatorObject[]params=newObject[]{newJIString(hostIP),//strServernewJIString(win32_namespace),//strNamespaceJIVariant.OPTIONAL_PARAM(),//strUserJIVariant.OPTIONAL_PARAM(),//strPasswordJIVariant.OPTIONAL_PARAM(),//strLocaleJIVariant.OPTIONAL_PARAM(),//strAuthoritynewInteger(0),//iSecurityFlagsJIVariant.OPTIONAL_PARAM()//objwbemNamedValueSet};JIVariantresults[]=wbemLocator.callMethodA("ConnectServer",params);IJIDispatchwbemServices=(IJIDispatch)narrowObject(results[0].getObjectAsComObject());
(domainName=远程计算机域名,hostIP=远程计算机IP地址,用户名=管理员级别的用户,密码=密码)
第2步:获取Win32_Service实例
一旦你获得对SWbemServices对象的引用,就可以调用这个类的任何方法。其中WbemServices.InstancesOf方法获得任何Win32类的实例。
也可以使用WMI查询语言(WQL)达到同样的目的,如下所示:
finalintRETURN_IMMEDIATE=0x10;finalintFORWARD_ONLY=0x20;Object[]params=newObject[]{newJIString("SELECT*FROMWin32_Service"),JIVariant.OPTIONAL_PARAM(),newJIVariant(newInteger(RETURN_IMMEDIATE+FORWARD_ONLY))};JIVariant[]servicesSet=wbemServices.callMethodA("ExecQuery",params);IJIDispatchwbemObjectSet=(IJIDispatch)narrowObject(servicesSet[0].getObjectAsComObject());
第三步:执行方法
现在,已得到Win32_Service类的实例,可采用下述代码来调用同一类的方法,因为,它返回多个服务实例,要列举它们以便获取IJIDispatcher服务。
JIVariant newEnumvariant = wbemObjectSet.get("_NewEnum");IJIComObject enumComObject = newEnumvariant.getObjectAsComObject();IJIEnumVariant enumVariant = (IJIEnumVariant) narrowObject(enumComObject.queryInterface(IJIEnumVariant.IID));Object[] elements = enumVariant.next(1);JIArray aJIArray = (JIArray) elements[0];JIVariant[] array = (JIVariant[]) aJIArray.getArrayInstance();for (JIVariant variant : array) {IJIDispatch wbemObjectDispatch = (IJIDispatch) narrowObject(variant.getObjectAsComObject());JIVariant returnStatus = wbemObjectDispatch.callMethodA("StopService");System.out.println(returnStatus.getObjectAsInt());}
现在,下面的代码显示了一个使用WMI启动和停止Windows服务的完整Java类。
packagecom.wmi.windows;importstaticorg.jinterop.dcom.core.JIProgId.valueOf;importstaticorg.jinterop.dcom.impls.JIObjectFactory.narrowObject;importstaticorg.jinterop.dcom.impls.automation.IJIDispatch.IID;importjava.util.logging.Level;importorg.jinterop.dcom.common.JIException;importorg.jinterop.dcom.common.JIRuntimeException;importorg.jinterop.dcom.common.JISystem;importorg.jinterop.dcom.core.IJIComObject;importorg.jinterop.dcom.core.JIArray;importorg.jinterop.dcom.core.JIComServer;importorg.jinterop.dcom.core.JISession;importorg.jinterop.dcom.core.JIString;importorg.jinterop.dcom.core.JIVariant;importorg.jinterop.dcom.impls.automation.IJIDispatch;importorg.jinterop.dcom.impls.automation.IJIEnumVariant;publicclassServiceManager{privatestaticStringdomainName="";privatestaticStringuserName="administrator";privatestaticStringpassword="";privatestaticStringhostIP="127.0.0.1";privatestaticfinalStringwin32_namespace="ROOT\\CIMV2";privatestaticfinalintSTOP_SERVICE=0;privatestaticfinalintSTART_SERVICE=1;privateJISessiondcomSession=null;publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ServiceManagermanager=newServiceManager();manager.stopService(domainName,hostIP,userName,password,"MySql");//stopsaservicenamedMySql}publicvoidstartService(StringdomainName,Stringhostname,Stringusername,Stringpassword,StringserviceName){execute(domainName,hostname,username,password,serviceName,START_SERVICE);}publicvoidstopService(StringdomainName,Stringhostname,Stringusername,Stringpassword,StringserviceName){execute(domainName,hostname,username,password,serviceName,STOP_SERVICE);}publicvoidexecute(StringdomainName,Stringhostname,Stringusername,Stringpassword,StringserviceName,intaction){try{IJIDispatchwbemServices=createCOMServer();finalintRETURN_IMMEDIATE=0x10;finalintFORWARD_ONLY=0x20;Object[]params=newObject[]{newJIString("SELECT*FROMWin32_ServiceWHEREName='"+serviceName+"'"),JIVariant.OPTIONAL_PARAM(),newJIVariant(newInteger(RETURN_IMMEDIATE+FORWARD_ONLY))};JIVariant[]servicesSet=wbemServices.callMethodA("ExecQuery",params);IJIDispatchwbemObjectSet=(IJIDispatch)narrowObject(servicesSet[0].getObjectAsComObject());JIVariantnewEnumvariant=wbemObjectSet.get("_NewEnum");IJIComObjectenumComObject=newEnumvariant.getObjectAsComObject();IJIEnumVariantenumVariant=(IJIEnumVariant)narrowObject(enumComObject.queryInterface(IJIEnumVariant.IID));Object[]elements=enumVariant.next(1);JIArrayaJIArray=(JIArray)elements[0];JIVariant[]array=(JIVariant[])aJIArray.getArrayInstance();for(JIVariantvariant:array){IJIDispatchwbemObjectDispatch=(IJIDispatch)narrowObject(variant.getObjectAsComObject());//Printobjectastext.JIVariant[]v=wbemObjectDispatch.callMethodA("GetObjectText_",newObject[]{1});