64位centos6安装mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86

1. 从官网下载 mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

官网： http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

我是下到了windows本地，然后通过winscp工具上传到centos6服务器上，我一般喜欢给文件赋权限，chmod a+x mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz,但是我看有的程序员不做这一步也是可以的。

2. 创建mysql的用户组/用户, data目录及其用户目录

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql -d /opt/my/mysql mysql
# mkdir /opt/my/mysql/data

3. 解压安装包并将解压包里的内容拷贝到mysql的安装目录/home/mysql

# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

# mv mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

4. 初始化mysql数据库

<code class="hljs applescript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cd /opt/my/mysql</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/my/mysql --datadir=/opt/my/mysql/data</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">02</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">09</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">17</span> [WARNING] mysql_install_db <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> deprecated. Please consider switching <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">to</span> mysqld <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--initialize</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">02</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">09</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">23</span> [WARNING] The bootstrap <span class="hljs-command" style="box-sizing: border-box;">log</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">isn't</span> empty: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">02</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">09</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">23</span> [WARNING] <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>T10:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">09</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">18.114182</span>Z <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> [Warning] <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>T10:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">09</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">18.129343</span>Z <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1024</span> (requested <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5000</span>) <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>T10:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">09</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">18.129408</span>Z <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">431</span> (requested <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2000</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; "><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; "><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

p.s. : mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出， mysql_install_db 已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成 mysqld --initialize 完成实例初始化。

# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/my/mysql --datadir=/opt/my/mysql/data --initialize

改用 mysqld --initialize 后，如果 datadir 指向的目标目录下已经有数据文件, 会出现如下提示：

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# cd /home/mysql
# ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data
2015-11-10 02:09:17 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2015-11-10 02:09:23 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2015-11-10 02:09:23 [WARNING] 2015-11-10T10:09:18.114182Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2015-11-10T10:09:18.129343Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2015-11-10T10:09:18.129408Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)

p.s. : mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出， mysql_install_db 已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成 mysqld --initialize 完成实例初始化。

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# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize

改用 mysqld --initialize 后，如果 datadir 指向的目标目录下已经有数据文件, 会出现如下提示：

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# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
2016-04-08T01:46:53.153530Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-04-08T01:46:53.155856Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2016-04-08T01:46:53.155879Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

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<span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">由上可知，我们需要清空</span><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/mysql" class="replace_word" title="MySQL知识库" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(223, 52, 52); font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">MySQL</a><span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">的data目录，执行清空命令如下：</span>

# cd /opt/my/mysql/data
# rm -fr *

然后重新执行初始化命令如下：

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# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
2016-04-08T01:47:57.556677Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-04-08T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c.
2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-04-08T01:48:00.440904Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: **mjT,#x_5sW

牢记上面的随机密码，如上“, 下面我们修改密码时需要用到。

5. 检测下是否能启动mysql服务

# cd /home/mysql
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

若改用了，则在启动服务时会出现如下错误：

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# ./support-files/mysql.server start
./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

这时候我们需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目录路径为我们正确的mysql的basedir和datadir路径，如下：

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# vim support-files/mysql.server
--------------------------
...
basedir=/home/mysql
datadir=/home/mysql/data
...
--------------------------
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

6. 创建软链接

# ln -s /opt/my/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

7. 创建配置文件

将默认生成的my.cnf备份

# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

# cd /opt/my/mysql/support-files

拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件,

# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

可按需修改新的配置文件选项，不修改配置选项， mysql则按默认配置参数运行.
如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf，设置编码为utf8以防乱码

# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir = /opt/my/mysql
datadir = /home/mysql/data

character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'


[client]
default-character-set=utf8

8. 配置mysql服务开机自动启动

拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld

# cp /opt/my/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

增加执行权限

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，如果没有就添加mysqld：

# chkconfig --list mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld

设置MySQL在345等级自动启动

# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

或用这个命令设置开机启动：

# chkconfig mysqld on

9. mysql服务的启动/重启/停止

启动mysql服务

# service mysqld start

重启mysql服务

# service mysqld restart

停止mysql服务

# service mysqld stop

10. 初始化mysql用户root的密码

先将mysql服务停止

# service mysqld stop

进入mysql安装目录，执行：

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# cd /home/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking&
[1] 6225
[root@localhost mysql]# 151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/mysql/data

另外打开一个终端(p.s. 如果是ssh连接登录的, 另外创建一个ssh连接即可），执行操作如下：

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# mysql -u root mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root';
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.9, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 2
Current database: mysql
Current user: root@
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 4 min 47 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 127 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 122 Queries per second avg: 0.149
--------------
mysql> exit;
Bye

到此，设置完mysql用户root的密码且确保mysql编码集是utf8, 注意上面，新版本的mysql.user表里的密码字段是authentication_string

快捷键ctrl + c停止# ./bin/mysqld_safe ...命令，重新启动mysql服务，用新密码连接mysql：

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# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
[root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.9
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql > exit;
Bye

咦？又要我改密码，我们通过mysqladmin来修改密码，先输入原密码，再设置新密码，总算可以了吧！！！

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# cd /home/mysql
# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password
Enter password:
New password:
Confirm new password:
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql>

或直接：

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# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p'**mjT,#x_5sW' password '123456'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

其中， **mjT,#x_5sW就是我们在使用mysqld --initialize时牢记下的随机密码