redhat系统安装好尽管默认带有yum,但是redhat的更新包只对注册用户有效(收费)。所以需要更换yum源。
基本的流程就是:
1.删除redhat7.0系统自带的yum软件包;
2.自行下载所需要的软件包;
3.根据依赖项安装;
4.新建repo配置文件。
一般来说,之后就可以正常使用了。可能还会遇到一些依赖项的问题,后面会提到。
流程
1、查看自带的yum软件包
[root@192 ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64 yum-3.4.3-117.el7.noarch |
这下面列出来的软件包,要记住一下,后面要根据其来搜索rpm包来安装新版本。比如”yum-utils”、”yum-langpacks”等等。
2、卸载这些安装包
[root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch --nodeps [root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch --nodeps [root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch --nodeps [root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 --nodeps [root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch --nodeps [root@linuxprobe ~]# rpm -e PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64 --nodeps |
3、保证上网正常
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4、进入以下网站下载对应的rpm包
阿里云网络源地址:https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/
网易163网络源地址:http://mirrors.163.com/
CentOS网络源地址:http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/
使用CTRL+F输入关键字查找对应的安装包即可。
5、找到安装包后下载下来
由于输出结果较多,故省略,下面是输入指令:
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm |
6、安装
输入指令rpm -ivh yum-*,遇到报错,依赖项问题。
[root@192 ~]# rpm -ivh yum-* 警告:yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4 a80eb5: NOKEY 错误:依赖检测失败: python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 被 yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch 需要 rpm >= 0:4.11.3-22 被 yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch 需要 yum-plugin-fastestmirror 被 yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch 需要 |
另外再回去找安装包下载下来:
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输入指令更新rpm:
rpm -Uvh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm |
小技巧: 查找需要依赖的安装包,可以在网站里搜索关键字,这样最省时最快!
再次运行rpm -ivh yum-*
[root@192 ~]# rpm -ivh yum-* 警告:yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4 a80eb5: NOKEY 警告:软件包 yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch 已被加入,跳过 yum-3.4.3-161.el7.ce ntos.noarch 准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 17%] 2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-5################################# [ 33%] 3:yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos ################################# [ 50%] 4:yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7 ################################# [ 67%] 5:yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-10.el7 ################################# [ 83%] 6:yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7 ################################# [100%] |
7、新建repo配置文件
创建repo文件:
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输入以下内容:
#CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=os baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 |
8、测试yum是否配置成功
随便下一个软件看看:
[root@192 ~]# yum -y install tree 已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, subscription-mana ger This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. Y ou can use subscription-manager to register. Determining fastest mirrors base | 3.6 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 (1/4): extras/x86_64/primary_db | 156 kB 00:02 (2/4): base/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:02 (3/4): updates/x86_64/primary_db | 1.3 MB 00:03 (4/4): base/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:03 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 |