virtual base classes用来实现菱形继承解决多个重复subobject的问题
//: C09:VirtualBase.cpp
// Shows a shared subobject via a virtual base.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Top
{
protected:
int x;
public:
Top(int n)
{
x = n;
}
virtual ~Top() {}
friend ostream&
operator<<(ostream& os, const Top& t)
{
return os << t.x;
}
};
class Left : virtual public Top
{
protected:
int y;
public:
Left(int m, int n) : Top(m)
{
y = n;
}
};
class Right : virtual public Top
{
protected:
int z;
public:
Right(int m, int n) : Top(m)
{
z = n;
}
};
class Bottom : public Left, public Right
{
int w;
public:
Bottom(int i, int j, int k, int m)
: Top(i), Left(0, j), Right(0, k)
{
w = m;
}
friend ostream&
operator<<(ostream& os, const Bottom& b)
{
return os << b.x << ',' << b.y << ',' << b.z
<< ',' << b.w;
}
};
int main()
{
Bottom b(1, 2, 3, 4);
cout << sizeof b << endl;
cout << b << endl;
cout << static_cast<void*>(&b) << endl;
Top* p = static_cast<Top*>(&b);
cout << *p << endl;
cout << static_cast<void*>(p) << endl;
cout << dynamic_cast<void*>(p) << endl;
return 0;
} ///:~
输出结果:
28
1,2,3,4
0043FABC
1
0043FAD0
0043FABC
对象大小与实现有关,28 = 4 * 4 + 2 * 4 + 1 * 4(大概是4个int,2个ptr to virtual base,1 个vptr)
注意Bottom里初始化Top的方式,Left、Right给出的对应参数会被编译器巧妙地忽略
内容源自:《TICPP-2nd-ed-Vol-two》