sqlldr使用说明

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-04 10:13:26 发布
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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-04 10:13:26 发布
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文章标签：数据库
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/yanwei-wang/p/8135209.html
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转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/twyth/articles/1547138.html
Sqlldr userid=lgone/tiger control=a.ctl 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE 't.dat' // 要导入的文件 
// INFILE 'tt.date' // 导入多个文件 
// INFILE * // 要导入的内容就在control文件里 下面的BEGINDATA后面就是导入的内容, *和't.dat'不能同时存在
INTO TABLE table_name // 指定装入的表 
BADFILE 'c:bad.txt' // 指定坏文件地址 
************* 以下是4种装入表的方式 
APPEND // 原先的表有数据 就加在后面 
// INSERT // 装载空表 如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止 默认值 
// REPLACE // 原先的表有数据 原先的数据会全部删除 
// TRUNCATE // 指定的内容和replace的相同 会用truncate语句删除现存数据 
************* 指定的TERMINATED可以在表的开头 也可在表的内部字段部分 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' 
// 装载这种数据: 10,lg,"""lg""","lg,lg" 
// 在表中结果: 10 lg "lg" lg,lg 
// TERMINATED BY X '09' // 以十六进制格式 '09' 表示的 
// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE // 装载这种数据: 10 lg lg 
TRAILING NULLCOLS ************* 表的字段没有对应的值时允许为空 
************* 下面是表的字段 
( 
col_1 , col_2 ,col_filler FILLER // FILLER 关键字 此列的数值不会被装载 
// 如: lg,lg,not 结果 lg lg 
) 
// 当没声明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 时 
// ( 
// col_1 [interger external] TERMINATED BY ',' , 
// col_2 [date "dd-mon-yyy"] TERMINATED BY ',' , 
// col_3 [char] TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY 'lg' 
// ) 
// 当没声明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','用位置告诉字段装载数据 
// ( 
// col_1 position(1:2), 
// col_2 position(3:10), 
// col_3 position(*:16), // 这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置 
// col_4 position(1:16), 
// col_5 position(3:10) char(8) // 指定字段的类型 
// ) 
BEGINDATA // 对应开始的 INFILE * 要导入的内容就在control文件里 
10,Sql,what 
20,lg,show 
===================================================================================== 
/**/ 注意begindata后的数值前面不能有空格 
1 ***** 普通装载 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME, 
LOC 
) 
BEGINDATA 
10,Sales,"""USA""" 
20,Accounting,"Virginia,USA" 
30,Consulting,Virginia 
40,Finance,Virginia 
50,"Finance","",Virginia // loc 列将为空 
60,"Finance",,Virginia // loc 列将为空 
2 ***** FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 的情况 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 
-- FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME, 
LOC 
) 
BEGINDATA 
Sales Virginia 
3 ***** 指定不装载那一列 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' 
( DEPTNO, 
FILLER_1 FILLER, // 下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 将不会被装载 
DNAME, 
LOC 
) 
BEGINDATA 
20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA" 
4 ***** position的列子 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
( DEPTNO position(1:2), 
DNAME position(*:16), // 这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置 
LOC position(*:29), 
ENTIRE_LINE position(1:29) 
) 
BEGINDATA 
10Accounting Virginia,USA 
5 ***** 使用函数 日期的一种表达 TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
TRAILING NULLCOLS // 其实下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA后面的数据中是没有直接对应 
// 的列的值的 如果第一行改为 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", // 使用函数 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy', // 日期的一种表达方式 还有'dd-mon-yyyy' 等 
ENTIRE_LINE ":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated" 
) 
BEGINDATA 
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000 
20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999 
30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000 
40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001 
6 ***** 使用自定义的函数 // 解决的时间问题 
create or replace 
my_to_date( p_string in varchar2 ) return date 
as 
type fmtArray is table of varchar2(25); 
l_fmts fmtArray := fmtArray( 'dd-mon-yyyy', 'dd-month-yyyy', 
'dd/mm/yyyy', 
'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss' ); 
l_return date; 
begin 
for i in 1 .. l_fmts.count 
loop 
begin 
l_return := to_date( p_string, l_fmts(i) ); 
exception 
when others then null; 
end; 
EXIT when l_return is not null; 
end loop; 
if ( l_return is null ) 
then 
l_return := 
new_time( to_date('01011970','ddmmyyyy') + 1/24/60/60 * 
p_string, 'GMT', 'EST' ); 
end if; 
return l_return; 
end; 
/ 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
TRAILING NULLCOLS 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )" // 使用自定义的函数 
) 
BEGINDATA 
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001 
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001 
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02 
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297 
50,Finance,Virginia,02-apr-2001 
60,Finance,Virginia,Not a date 
7 ***** 合并多行记录为一行记录 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
concatenate 3 // 通过关键字concatenate 把几行的记录看成一行记录 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
replace 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy' 
) 
BEGINDATA 
10,Sales, // 其实这3行看成一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000 
Virginia, 
1/5/2000 
// 这列子用 continueif list="," 也可以 
告诉sqlldr在每行的末尾找逗号 找到逗号就把下一行附加到上一行 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
continueif this(1:1) = '-' // 找每行的开始是否有连接字符 - 有就把下一行连接为一行 
// 如 -10,Sales,Virginia, 
// 1/5/2000 就是一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000 
// 其中1:1 表示从第一行开始 并在第一行结束 还有continueif next 但continueif list最理想 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
replace 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy' 
) 
BEGINDATA // 但是好象不能象右面的那样使用 
-10,Sales,Virginia, -10,Sales,Virginia, 
1/5/2000 1/5/2000 
-40, 40,Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001 
Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001 
8 ***** 载入每行的行号 
load data 
infile * 
into table t 
replace 
( seqno RECNUM //载入每行的行号 
text Position(1:1024)) 
BEGINDATA 
fsdfasj //自动分配一行号给载入 表t 的seqno字段 此行为 1 
fasdjfasdfl // 此行为 2  
9 ***** 载入有换行符的数据 
注意: unix 和 windows 不同 & /n 
< 1 > 使用一个非换行符的字符 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
TRAILING NULLCOLS 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )", 
COMMENTS "replace(:comments,'n',chr(10))" // replace 的使用帮助转换换行符 
) 
BEGINDATA 
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the SalesnOffice in Virginia 
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the AccountingnOffice in Virginia 
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the ConsultingnOffice in Virginia 
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the FinancenOffice in Virginia 
< 2 > 使用fix属性 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE demo17.dat "fix 101" 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
TRAILING NULLCOLS 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )", 
COMMENTS 
) 
demo17.dat 
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales 
Office in Virginia 
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting 
Office in Virginia 
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting 
Office in Virginia 
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance 
Office in Virginia 
// 这样装载会把换行符装入数据库 下面的方法就不会 但要求数据的格式不同 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE demo18.dat "fix 101" 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' 
TRAILING NULLCOLS 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )", 
COMMENTS 
) 
demo18.dat 
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,"This is the Sales 
Office in Virginia" 
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,"This is the Accounting 
Office in Virginia" 
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,"This is the Consulting 
Office in Virginia" 
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,"This is the Finance 
Office in Virginia" 
< 3 > 使用var属性 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE demo19.dat "var 3" 
// 3 告诉每个记录的前3个字节表示记录的长度 如第一个记录的 071 表示此记录有 71 个字节 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
TRAILING NULLCOLS 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )", 
COMMENTS 
) 
demo19.dat 
07110,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales 
Office in Virginia 
07820,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting 
Office in Virginia 
08730,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting 
Office in Virginia 
07140,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance 
Office in Virginia 
< 4 > 使用str属性 
// 最灵活的一中 可定义一个新的行结尾符 win 回车换行 : chr(13)||chr(10) 
此列中记录是以 a|rn 结束的 
select utl_raw.cast_to_raw('|'||chr(13)||chr(10)) from dual; 
结果 7C0D0A 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE demo20.dat "str X'7C0D0A'" 
INTO TABLE DEPT 
REPLACE 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
TRAILING NULLCOLS 
(DEPTNO, 
DNAME "upper(:dname)", 
LOC "upper(:loc)", 
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )", 
COMMENTS 
) 
demo20.dat 
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales 
Office in Virginia| 
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting 
Office in Virginia| 
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting 
Office in Virginia| 
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance 
Office in Virginia| 
============================================================================== 
象这样的数据 用 nullif 子句 
10-jan-200002350Flipper seemed unusually hungry today. 
10510-jan-200009945Spread over three meals. 
id position(1:3) nullif id=blanks // 这里可以是blanks 或者别的表达式 
// 下面是另一个列子 第一行的 1 在数据库中将成为 null 
LOAD DATA 
INFILE * 
INTO TABLE T 
REPLACE 
(n position(1:2) integer external nullif n='1', 
v position(3:8) 
) 
BEGINDATA 
10 
20lg

//设置某字段不取文件中的值而为常量值
column_name CONSTANT value
//设置date为SYSDATE

column_name  SYSDATE
英文详细说明：
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96652/ch06.htm#1008665