11种将InputStream转换成String的方法以及性能分析

作者：Viacheslav Vedenin 
原文链接：Read/convert an InputStream to a String

从其他回答中总结出了11种能将InputStream转换成String的方法（如下），并且对所有方法进行了性能测试（对比结果如下）：

将InputStream转换成String的方法：

1.使用 IOUtils.toString (Apache Utils)

String result = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);  

 

2.使用 CharStreams (guava)

String result = CharStreams.toString(new InputStreamReader(
      inputStream, Charsets.UTF_8));

 

3.使用 Scanner (JDK)

Scanner s = new Scanner(inputStream).useDelimiter("\\A");
String result = s.hasNext() ? s.next() : "";

 

4.使用 Stream Api (Java 8)

String result = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))
  .lines().collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));

 

5.使用 parallel Stream Api (Java 8)

String result = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)).lines()
   .parallel().collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));

 

6.使用 InputStreamReader 和 StringBuilder (JDK)

final int bufferSize = 1024;
final char[] buffer = new char[bufferSize];
final StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
Reader in = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8");
for (; ; ) {
    int rsz = in.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
    if (rsz < 0)
        break;
    out.append(buffer, 0, rsz);
}
return out.toString();

 

7.使用 StringWriter 和 IOUtils.copy (Apache Commons)

StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
IOUtils.copy(inputStream, writer, "UTF-8");
return writer.toString();

 

8.使用 ByteArrayOutputStream 和 inputStream.read (JDK)

ByteArrayOutputStream result = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int length;
while ((length = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
    result.write(buffer, 0, length);
}
return result.toString("UTF-8");

 

9.使用 BufferedReader (JDK)

String newLine = System.getProperty("line.separator");
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
String line; boolean flag = false;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    result.append(flag? newLine: "").append(line);
    flag = true;
}
return result.toString();

 

10.使用 BufferedInputStream 和 ByteArrayOutputStream (JDK)

BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);
ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int result = bis.read();
while(result != -1) {
    buf.write((byte) result);
    result = bis.read();
}
return buf.toString();

 

11.使用 inputStream.read() 和 StringBuilder (JDK)

int ch;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while((ch = inputStream.read()) != -1)
    sb.append((char)ch);
reset();
return sb.toString();

注意： 
1.方法4、5和9会将不同的换行符（例如：\r\n）全转换成\n。 
2.方法11在Unicode编码下不能正确地运行。

性能测试

1.针对较短String的性能测试（长度为175）如下所示，代码贴在了github上（模式是测试平均时间，系统是Linux，其中最好的分数是1,343 ）

              Benchmark                        Mode  Cnt   Score   Error  Units
8. ByteArrayOutputStream and read (JDK)        avgt   10   1,343 ± 0,028  us/op
6. InputStreamReader and StringBuilder (JDK)   avgt   10   6,980 ± 0,404  us/op
10.BufferedInputStream, ByteArrayOutputStream  avgt   10   7,437 ± 0,735  us/op
11.InputStream.read() and StringBuilder (JDK)  avgt   10   8,977 ± 0,328  us/op
7. StringWriter and IOUtils.copy (Apache)      avgt   10  10,613 ± 0,599  us/op
1. IOUtils.toString (Apache Utils)             avgt   10  10,605 ± 0,527  us/op
3. Scanner (JDK)                               avgt   10  12,083 ± 0,293  us/op
2. CharStreams (guava)                         avgt   10  12,999 ± 0,514  us/op
4. Stream Api (Java 8)                         avgt   10  15,811 ± 0,605  us/op
9. BufferedReader (JDK)                        avgt   10  16,038 ± 0,711  us/op
5. parallel Stream Api (Java 8)                avgt   10  21,544 ± 0,583  us/op

 

2.针对较长String的性能测试（长度为50100）如下所示，代码贴在了github上（模式是测试平均时间，系统是Linux，其中最好的分数是200,715 ）

              Benchmark                        Mode  Cnt   Score        Error  Units
8. ByteArrayOutputStream and read (JDK)        avgt   10   200,715 ±   18,103  us/op
1. IOUtils.toString (Apache Utils)             avgt   10   300,019 ±    8,751  us/op
6. InputStreamReader and StringBuilder (JDK)   avgt   10   347,616 ±  130,348  us/op
7. StringWriter and IOUtils.copy (Apache)      avgt   10   352,791 ±  105,337  us/op
2. CharStreams (guava)                         avgt   10   420,137 ±   59,877  us/op
9. BufferedReader (JDK)                        avgt   10   632,028 ±   17,002  us/op
5. parallel Stream Api (Java 8)                avgt   10   662,999 ±   46,199  us/op
4. Stream Api (Java 8)                         avgt   10   701,269 ±   82,296  us/op
10.BufferedInputStream, ByteArrayOutputStream  avgt   10   740,837 ±    5,613  us/op
3. Scanner (JDK)                               avgt   10   751,417 ±   62,026  us/op
11.InputStream.read() and StringBuilder (JDK)  avgt   10  2919,350 ± 1101,942  us/op

3.性能测试图（下图主要描述了在Windows7系统下，随着Input Stream长度变化各个方法平均时间的变化） 

4.性能测试数据（同样是在Windows7系统下，随着Input Stream长度变化各个方法平均时间的变化）

 length  182    546     1092    3276    9828 29484 58968 test8 0.38 0.938 1.868 4.448 13.412 36.459 72.708 test4 2.362 3.609 5.573 12.769 40.74 81.415 159.864 test5 3.881 5.075 6.904 14.123 50.258 129.937 166.162 test9 2.237 3.493 5.422 11.977 45.98 89.336 177.39 test6 1.261 2.12 4.38 10.698 31.821 86.106 186.636 test7 1.601 2.391 3.646 8.367 38.196 110.221 211.016 test1 1.529 2.381 3.527 8.411 40.551 105.16 212.573 test3 3.035 3.934 8.606 20.858 61.571 118.744 235.428 test2 3.136 6.238 10.508 33.48 43.532 118.044 239.481 test10 1.593 4.736 7.527 20.557 59.856 162.907 323.147 test11 3.913 11.506 23.26 68.644 207.591 600.444 1211.545

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/powerwu/articles/9050835.html