/* NOTE: This is an internal header file, included by other STL headers. * You should not attempt to use it directly. */ #ifndef __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_ITERATOR_BASE_H #define __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_ITERATOR_BASE_H // This file contains all of the general iterator-related utilities. // The internal file stl_iterator.h contains predefined iterators, // such as front_insert_iterator and istream_iterator. #include <concept_checks.h> __STL_BEGIN_NAMESPACE //用于重载函数的选择 // STL中有五种迭代器类型 // Input Iterator read only // Output Iterator write only // Forward Iterator 允许写入型"算法在其指向区间进行操作 // Bidirectional Iterator 提供双向访问能力 // Random Access Iterator 支持原生指针具有的全部能力 struct input_iterator_tag {}; struct output_iterator_tag {}; struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag {}; struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag {}; struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag {}; // The base classes input_iterator, output_iterator, forward_iterator, // bidirectional_iterator, and random_access_iterator are not part of // the C++ standard. (They have been replaced by struct iterator.) // They are included for backward compatibility with the HP STL. template <class _Tp, class _Distance> struct input_iterator { typedef input_iterator_tag iterator_category; typedef _Tp value_type; typedef _Distance difference_type; typedef _Tp* pointer; typedef _Tp& reference; }; struct output_iterator { typedef output_iterator_tag iterator_category; typedef void value_type; typedef void difference_type; typedef void pointer; typedef void reference; }; template <class _Tp, class _Distance> struct forward_iterator { typedef forward_iterator_tag iterator_category; typedef _Tp value_type; typedef _Distance difference_type; typedef _Tp* pointer; typedef _Tp& reference; }; template <class _Tp, class _Distance> struct bidirectional_iterator { typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category; typedef _Tp value_type; typedef _Distance difference_type; typedef _Tp* pointer; typedef _Tp& reference; }; template <class _Tp, class _Distance> struct random_access_iterator { typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category; typedef _Tp value_type; typedef _Distance difference_type; typedef _Tp* pointer; typedef _Tp& reference; }; //为了符合规范任何迭代器都应该有个内嵌类型,否则和其他STL组件不兼容 //新设计的迭代器可简单继承自iterator #ifdef __STL_USE_NAMESPACES template <class _Category, class _Tp, class _Distance = ptrdiff_t, class _Pointer = _Tp*, class _Reference = _Tp&> struct iterator { typedef _Category iterator_category; typedef _Tp value_type; typedef _Distance difference_type; typedef _Pointer pointer; typedef _Reference reference; }; #endif /* __STL_USE_NAMESPACES */ #ifdef __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION //为什么多一层iterator_traits来访问迭代器的内嵌类型 //因为可以偏特化,使int*等非class type也可以取到value type template <class _Iterator> struct iterator_traits { typedef typename _Iterator::iterator_category iterator_category; typedef typename _Iterator::value_type value_type; typedef typename _Iterator::difference_type difference_type; typedef typename _Iterator::pointer pointer; typedef typename _Iterator::reference reference; }; template <class _Tp> struct iterator_traits<_Tp*> { //偏特化,_Tp为原生指针 typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category; //原生指针为随机迭代器 typedef _Tp value_type; typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type; typedef _Tp* pointer; typedef _Tp& reference; }; template <class _Tp> struct iterator_traits<const _Tp*> { typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category; typedef _Tp value_type; typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type; typedef const _Tp* pointer; typedef const _Tp& reference; }; // The overloaded functions iterator_category, distance_type, and // value_type are not part of the C++ standard. (They have been // replaced by struct iterator_traits.) They are included for // backward compatibility with the HP STL. // We introduce internal names for these functions. template <class _Iter> inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category __iterator_category(const _Iter&) { typedef typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category _Category; return _Category(); } template <class _Iter> inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type* __distance_type(const _Iter&) { return static_cast<typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type*>(0); } template <class _Iter> inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type* __value_type(const _Iter&) { return static_cast<typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*>(0); } //以下利用函数模板的参数推断功能,萃取迭代器类型,difference_type,value_type template <class _Iter> inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category iterator_category(const _Iter& __i) { return __iterator_category(__i); } template <class _Iter> inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type* distance_type(const _Iter& __i) { return __distance_type(__i); } template <class _Iter> inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type* value_type(const _Iter& __i) { return __value_type(__i); } #define __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__i) __iterator_category(__i) #define __DISTANCE_TYPE(__i) __distance_type(__i) #define __VALUE_TYPE(__i) __value_type(__i) #else /* __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION */ //不支持模板偏特化的情况,不能traits template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline input_iterator_tag iterator_category(const input_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return input_iterator_tag(); } inline output_iterator_tag iterator_category(const output_iterator&) { return output_iterator_tag(); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline forward_iterator_tag iterator_category(const forward_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return forward_iterator_tag(); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category(const bidirectional_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return bidirectional_iterator_tag(); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category(const random_access_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return random_access_iterator_tag(); } template <class _Tp> inline random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category(const _Tp*) { return random_access_iterator_tag(); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline _Tp* value_type(const input_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return (_Tp*)(0); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline _Tp* value_type(const forward_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return (_Tp*)(0); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline _Tp* value_type(const bidirectional_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return (_Tp*)(0); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline _Tp* value_type(const random_access_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return (_Tp*)(0); } template <class _Tp> inline _Tp* value_type(const _Tp*) { return (_Tp*)(0); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline _Distance* distance_type(const input_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return (_Distance*)(0); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline _Distance* distance_type(const forward_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return (_Distance*)(0); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline _Distance* distance_type(const bidirectional_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return (_Distance*)(0); } template <class _Tp, class _Distance> inline _Distance* distance_type(const random_access_iterator<_Tp, _Distance>&) { return (_Distance*)(0); } template <class _Tp> inline ptrdiff_t* distance_type(const _Tp*) { return (ptrdiff_t*)(0); } // Without partial specialization we can't use iterator_traits, so // we must keep the old iterator query functions around. #define __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__i) iterator_category(__i) #define __DISTANCE_TYPE(__i) distance_type(__i) #define __VALUE_TYPE(__i) value_type(__i) #endif /* __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION */ //继承关系传递调用,Forward Iterator,Bidirectional Iterator都会使用此Input Iterator版本 template <class _InputIterator, class _Distance> inline void __distance(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Distance& __n, input_iterator_tag) { while (__first != __last) { ++__first; ++__n; } } template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Distance> inline void __distance(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Distance& __n, random_access_iterator_tag) { __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator); //concept check __n += __last - __first; } template <class _InputIterator, class _Distance> inline void distance(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Distance& __n) { __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIterator, _InputIterator); __distance(__first, __last, __n, iterator_category(__first)); } #ifdef __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION template <class _InputIterator> inline typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type __distance(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, input_iterator_tag) { typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type __n = 0; while (__first != __last) { ++__first; ++__n; } return __n; } template <class _RandomAccessIterator> inline typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __distance(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, random_access_iterator_tag) { __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator); return __last - __first; } template <class _InputIterator> inline typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type distance(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) { typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::iterator_category _Category; __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIterator, _InputIterator); return __distance(__first, __last, _Category()); } #endif /* __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION */ template <class _InputIter, class _Distance> inline void __advance(_InputIter& __i, _Distance __n, input_iterator_tag) { while (__n--) ++__i; } #if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__) && (_MIPS_SIM != _MIPS_SIM_ABI32) #pragma set woff 1183 #endif template <class _BidirectionalIterator, class _Distance> inline void __advance(_BidirectionalIterator& __i, _Distance __n, bidirectional_iterator_tag) { __STL_REQUIRES(_BidirectionalIterator, _BidirectionalIterator); if (__n >= 0) while (__n--) ++__i; else while (__n++) --__i; } #if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__) && (_MIPS_SIM != _MIPS_SIM_ABI32) #pragma reset woff 1183 #endif template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Distance> inline void __advance(_RandomAccessIterator& __i, _Distance __n, random_access_iterator_tag) { __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator); __i += __n; } template <class _InputIterator, class _Distance> inline void advance(_InputIterator& __i, _Distance __n) { __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIterator, _InputIterator); __advance(__i, __n, iterator_category(__i)); } __STL_END_NAMESPACE #endif /* __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_ITERATOR_BASE_H */
traits关键技术:内嵌类型,函数模板参数推断,偏特化获取原生指针的类型
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Atela/archive/2011/10/25/2223980.html