WSDL
WSDL(网络服务描述语言,Web Services Description Language)是一门基于 XML 的语言,用于描述 Web Services 以及如何对它们进行访问。这种文档可描述某个 Web service。它可规定服务的位置,以及此服务提供的操作(或方法)。
一个 WSDL 文档的主要结构是类似这样的:
<definitions>
<types>
definition of types........
</types>
<message>
definition of a message....
</message>
<portType>
definition of a port.......
</portType>
<binding>
definition of a binding....
</binding>
</definitions>
WSDL 文档可包含其它的元素,比如 extension 元素,以及一个 service 元素,此元素可把若干个 web services 的定义组合在一个单一的 WSDL 文档中。
PHP生成WSDL
类代码(SoapDiscovery.class.php):
<?php class SoapDiscovery { private $class_name = ''; private $service_name = ''; /** * SoapDiscovery::__construct() SoapDiscovery class Constructor. * * @param string $class_name * @param string $service_name **/ public function __construct($class_name = '', $service_name = '') { $this->class_name = $class_name; $this->service_name = $service_name; } /** * SoapDiscovery::getWSDL() Returns the WSDL of a class if the class is instantiable. * * @return string **/ public function getWSDL() { if (empty($this->service_name)) { throw new Exception('No service name.'); } $headerWSDL = "<?xml version="1.0" ?>n"; $headerWSDL.= "<definitions name="$this->service_name" targetNamespace="urn:$this->service_name" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="urn:$this->service_name" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/">n"; $headerWSDL.= "<types xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" />n"; if (empty($this->class_name)) { throw new Exception('No class name.'); } $class = new ReflectionClass($this->class_name); if (!$class->isInstantiable()) { throw new Exception('Class is not instantiable.'); } $methods = $class->getMethods(); $portTypeWSDL = '<portType name="'.$this->service_name.'Port">'; $bindingWSDL = '<binding name="'.$this->service_name.'Binding" type="tns:'.$this->service_name."Port">n<soap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />n"; $serviceWSDL = '<service name="'.$this->service_name."">n<documentation />n<port name="".$this->service_name.'Port" binding="tns:'.$this->service_name."Binding"><soap:address location="http://".$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].':'.$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'].$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']."" />n</port>n</service>n"; $messageWSDL = ''; foreach ($methods as $method) { if ($method->isPublic() && !$method->isConstructor()) { $portTypeWSDL.= '<operation name="'.$method->getName()."">n".'<input message="tns:'.$method->getName()."Request" />n<output message="tns:".$method->getName()."Response" />n</operation>n"; $bindingWSDL.= '<operation name="'.$method->getName()."">n".'<soap:operation soapAction="urn:'.$this->service_name.'#'.$this->class_name.'#'.$method->getName()."" />n<input><soap:body use="encoded" namespace="urn:$this->service_name" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" />n</input>n<output>n<soap:body use="encoded" namespace="urn:$this->service_name" encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" />n</output>n</operation>n"; $messageWSDL.= '<message name="'.$method->getName()."Request">n"; $parameters = $method->getParameters(); foreach ($parameters as $parameter) { $messageWSDL.= '<part name="'.$parameter->getName()."" type="xsd:string" />n"; } $messageWSDL.= "</message>n"; $messageWSDL.= '<message name="'.$method->getName()."Response">n"; $messageWSDL.= '<part name="'.$method->getName()."" type="xsd:string" />n"; $messageWSDL.= "</message>n"; } } $portTypeWSDL.= "</portType>n"; $bindingWSDL.= "</binding>n"; return sprintf('%s%s%s%s%s%s', $headerWSDL, $portTypeWSDL, $bindingWSDL, $serviceWSDL, $messageWSDL, '</definitions>'); } /** * SoapDiscovery::getDiscovery() Returns discovery of WSDL. * * @return string **/ public function getDiscovery() { return "<?xml version="1.0" ?>n<disco:discovery xmlns:disco="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/disco/" xmlns:scl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/disco/scl/">n<scl:contractRef ref="http://".$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].':'.$_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'].$_SERVER['PHP_SELF']."?wsdl" />n</disco:discovery>"; } } ?>
使用方法(服务端server.php):
<?php
define('WSDL_URL','hello.wsdl'); //定义WSDL文件路径
ini_set('soap.wsdl_cache_enabled','0'); //关闭WSDL缓存
//WSDL文件不存在时自动创建
if(!file_exists(WSDL_URL))
{
require_once 'SoapDiscovery.class.php';
$disco = new SoapDiscovery('HelloWorld','IELIWB_HelloWorld');
$str = $disco->getWSDL();
file_put_contents(WSDL_URL,$str);
}
//SOAP开启并接收Client传入的参数响应
$server = new SoapServer(WSDL_URL);
$server->setClass('HelloWorld');
$server->handle();
//测试定义公开的类
class HelloWorld {
private $nombre = '';
public function __construct($name = 'World') {$this->name = $name;}
public function greet($name = '') {$name = $name?$name:$this->name;return 'Hello '.$name.'.';}
public function serverTimestamp() {return time();}
}
?>
客户端client.php:
<?php
$client = new SoapClient("http://127.0.0.1/createsoap/hello.wsdl");
try {
$result = $client->greet('ieliwb');
var_dump($result);
echo "The answer isresult";
}
catch (SoapFault $f){
echo "Error Message: {$f->getMessage()}";
}
?>
创建 Webservice
1. 创建wsdl
- 非标准的webservice,可能只能PHP才能访问
- 标准的webservice,就必须要使用wsdl(webservice description language,就是用XML语法标准来描述你的服务内容,我是这么理解的)
在这里我只介绍标准的webservice。那么如何创建wsdl呢?对于PHP来说这确实是件很不容易的事情,有人说用zend studio创建很方便,这是一种方法。但对于那些不喜欢用zend studio的人来说,会觉得创建一个webservice还要安装zend studio,太强人所难了,我就是,嘿嘿。
在这里我介绍一个简单的方法,到网上下载SoapDiscovery.class.php类,里面有个公用方法:getWSDL,这个方法末尾是用的return,那么,你修改一下这个方法,我是这么做的:
//return sprintf('%s%s%s%s%s%s', $headerWSDL, $portTypeWSDL, $bindingWSDL, $serviceWSDL, $messageWSDL, '</definitions>');
//生成wsdl文件,将上面的return注释
$fso = fopen($this->class_name . ".wsdl" , "w");
fwrite($fso, sprintf('%s%s%s%s%s%s', $headerWSDL, $portTypeWSDL, $bindingWSDL, $serviceWSDL, $messageWSDL, '</definitions>'));
现在生成wsdl的类有了,SoapDiscovery.class.php。
我只要再准备一个提供服务的类或者函数就可以创建wsdl了。比如我有个类:person,文件名为:person.class.php★,里面有两个方法,一个是say,一个是run。很简单。
<?php
class person
{
public function say()
{
return("i'm speaking.");
}
public function run()
{
return("i'm running,don't disturb me please.");
}
}
?>
到这里有两个类了:SoapDiscovery.class.php和person.class.php。
开始正式生成wsdl:创建文件server.php。将以下内容拷贝进去,运行即可生成一个person.wsdl文件
<?php include("person.class.php"); include("SoapDiscovery.class.php"); //第一个参数是类名(生成的wsdl文件就是以它来命名的),即person类,第二个参数是服务的名字(这个可以随便写)。 $disco = new SoapDiscovery('person','Person'); $disco->getWSDL(); ?>
2. 创建webservice服务端程序
将server.php文件的内容清空,复制以下代码进去:
<?php include("person.class.php"); $objSoapServer = new SoapServer("person.wsdl");//person.wsdl是刚创建的wsdl文件 //$objSoapServer = new SoapServer("server.php?wsdl");//这样也行 $objSoapServer->setClass("person");//注册person类的所有方法 $objSoapServer->handle();//处理请求 ?>
3. 创建webservice客户端程序,测试webservice是否有效,文件名是:client.php
<?php $client = new SoapClient("person.wsdl"); //$client = new SoapClient("server.php?wsdl");//这样也行 echo($client->say()); echo "<br />"; echo($client->run()); echo "<br />"; ?>
OK,结束。.NET如果要使用的话,你只要提供一个url给他就行了。
获得url的方法:你可以先到person.wsdl文件里面查找<soap:address location="http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/server.php" />,这里的url(具体url是根据你的目录确定的)就是你要提供给.NET开发人员使用的。不过别高兴太早,后面要加:“?wsdl”,http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/server.php?wsdl这样才是对的,不信你可以将url拷贝到浏览器的地址栏里看下就知道了。
.NET开发人员获得你给他的url之后,就可以在自己的项目里面添加一个服务引用或者web引用了,然后就可以根据提示完成相关操作,对于使用.NET的开发人员来说很简单的。