一、向Solr提交索引的方式
<add>
<doc>
<field name="id">test4</field>
<field name="title">testagain</field>
<field name="url">http://www.163.com</field>
</doc>
</add>
(2)使用java -jar post.jar
[root@jediael44 exampledocs]# java -Durl=http://ip:8080/solr/update -jar post.jar test.xml
SimplePostTool version 1.5
Posting files to base url http://ip:8080/solr/update using content-type application/xml..
POSTing file test.xml
1 files indexed.
COMMITting Solr index changes to http://localhost:8080/solr/update..
Time spent: 0:00:00.135
(3)查看post.jar的使用方法
[root@jediael44 exampledocs]# java -jar post.jar --help
SimplePostTool version 1.5
Usage: java [SystemProperties] -jar post.jar [-h|-] [<file|folder|url|arg> [<file|folder|url|arg>...]]
Supported System Properties and their defaults:
-Ddata=files|web|args|stdin (default=files)
-Dtype=<content-type> (default=application/xml)
-Durl=<solr-update-url> (default=http://localhost:8983/solr/update)
-Dauto=yes|no (default=no)
-Drecursive=yes|no|<depth> (default=0)
-Ddelay=<seconds> (default=0 for files, 10 for web)
-Dfiletypes=<type>[,<type>,...] (default=xml,json,csv,pdf,doc,docx,ppt,pptx,xls,xlsx,odt,odp,ods,ott,otp,ots,rtf,htm,html,txt,log)
-Dparams="<key>=<value>[&<key>=<value>...]" (values must be URL-encoded)
-Dcommit=yes|no (default=yes)
-Doptimize=yes|no (default=no)
-Dout=yes|no (default=no)
This is a simple command line tool for POSTing raw data to a Solr port. Data can be read from files specified as commandline args, URLs specified as args, as raw commandline arg strings or via STDIN.
Examples:
java -jar post.jar *.xml
java -Ddata=args -jar post.jar '<delete><id>42</id></delete>'
java -Ddata=stdin -jar post.jar < hd.xml
java -Ddata=web -jar post.jar http://example.com/
java -Dtype=text/csv -jar post.jar *.csv
java -Dtype=application/json -jar post.jar *.json
java -Durl=http://localhost:8983/solr/update/extract -Dparams=literal.id=a -Dtype=application/pdf -jar post.jar a.pdf
java -Dauto -jar post.jar *
java -Dauto -Drecursive -jar post.jar afolder
java -Dauto -Dfiletypes=ppt,html -jar post.jar afolder
The options controlled by System Properties include the Solr URL to POST to, the Content-Type of the data, whether a commit or optimize should be executed, and whether the response should be written to STDOUT. If auto=yes the tool will try to set type and url automatically from file name. When posting rich documents the file name will be propagated as "resource.name" and also used as "literal.id". You may override these or any other request parameter
through the -Dparams property. To do a commit only, use "-" as argument. The web mode is a simple crawler following links within domain, default delay=10s.
(4)默认情况下,使用xml文件作数据源,若使用其它方式,如下
java -Dtype=application/json -jar post.jar *.json
3、使用SolrJ进行索引
(1)使用SolrJ进行简单索引
package org.ljh.test.solr;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;
public class BasicSolrJIndexDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
/*
* 注意,虽然使用地址http://ip:8080/solr/#/collection1来访问页面,但应该通过http:/
* /ip:8080/solr/collection1来进行文档的提交
*/
String serverUrl = (args != null && args.length > 0) ? args[0]
: "http://localhost:8080/solr/collection1";
SolrServer solrServer = new HttpSolrServer(serverUrl);
SolrInputDocument doc1 = new SolrInputDocument();
doc1.setField("id", "solrJTest3");
doc1.setField("url", "http://www.163.com/");
solrServer.add(doc1);
SolrInputDocument doc2 = new SolrInputDocument();
doc2.setField("id", "solrJTest4");
doc2.setField("url", "http://www.sina.com/");
solrServer.add(doc2);
solrServer.commit(true,true);
}
}
(2)使用SolrJ进行简单查询
package org.ljh.test.solr;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrQuery;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.response.QueryResponse;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocument;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocumentList;
public class BasicSolrJSearchDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String serverUrl = (args != null && args.length > 0) ? args[0]
: "http://localhost:8080/solr/collection1";
SolrServer solrServer = new HttpSolrServer(serverUrl);
//读取输入参数作为查询关键字,若无关键字,则查询全部内容。
String queryString = (args != null && args.length > 1) ? args[1] : "url:163";
SolrQuery solrQuery = new SolrQuery(queryString);
solrQuery.setRows(5);
QueryResponse resp = solrServer.query(solrQuery);
SolrDocumentList hits = resp.getResults();
for(SolrDocument doc : hits ){
System.out.println(doc.getFieldValue("id").toString() + " : " + doc.getFieldValue("url"));
}
}
}
4、使用第三方工具
(1)DIH
(2)ExtractingRequestHandler, aka Solr Cell
(3)Nutch
二、schema.xml : 定义文档的格式
schema.xml定义了被索引的文档应该包括哪些Field、这个Filed的类型,以及其它相关信息。
1、示例
Nutch为Solr提供的schema.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<schema name="nutch" version="1.5">
<types>
<fieldType name="string" class="solr.StrField" sortMissingLast="true"
omitNorms="true"/>
<fieldType name="long" class="solr.TrieLongField" precisionStep="0"
omitNorms="true" positionIncrementGap="0"/>
<fieldType name="float" class="solr.TrieFloatField" precisionStep="0"
omitNorms="true" positionIncrementGap="0"/>
<fieldType name="date" class="solr.TrieDateField" precisionStep="0"
omitNorms="true" positionIncrementGap="0"/>
<fieldType name="text" class="solr.TextField"
positionIncrementGap="100">
<analyzer>
<tokenizer class="solr.WhitespaceTokenizerFactory"/>
<filter class="solr.StopFilterFactory"
ignoreCase="true" words="stopwords.txt"/>
<filter class="solr.WordDelimiterFilterFactory"
generateWordParts="1" generateNumberParts="1"
catenateWords="1" catenateNumbers="1" catenateAll="0"
splitOnCaseChange="1"/>
<filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
<filter class="solr.RemoveDuplicatesTokenFilterFactory"/>
</analyzer>
</fieldType>
<fieldType name="url" class="solr.TextField"
positionIncrementGap="100">
<analyzer>
<tokenizer class="solr.StandardTokenizerFactory"/>
<filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
<filter class="solr.WordDelimiterFilterFactory"
generateWordParts="1" generateNumberParts="1"/>
</analyzer>
</fieldType>
</types>
<fields>
<field name="id" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true"/>
<!-- core fields -->
<field name="batchId" type="string" stored="true" indexed="false"/>
<field name="digest" type="string" stored="true" indexed="false"/>
<field name="boost" type="float" stored="true" indexed="false"/>
<!-- fields for index-basic plugin -->
<field name="host" type="url" stored="false" indexed="true"/>
<field name="url" type="url" stored="true" indexed="true"
required="true"/>
<field name="content" type="text" stored="false" indexed="true"/>
<field name="title" type="text" stored="true" indexed="true"/>
<field name="cache" type="string" stored="true" indexed="false"/>
<field name="tstamp" type="date" stored="true" indexed="false"/>
<field name="_version_" type="long" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<!-- fields for index-anchor plugin -->
<field name="anchor" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true"
multiValued="true"/>
<!-- fields for index-more plugin -->
<field name="type" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true"
multiValued="true"/>
<field name="contentLength" type="long" stored="true"
indexed="false"/>
<field name="lastModified" type="date" stored="true"
indexed="false"/>
<field name="date" type="date" stored="true" indexed="true"/>
<!-- fields for languageidentifier plugin -->
<field name="lang" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true"/>
<!-- fields for subcollection plugin -->
<field name="subcollection" type="string" stored="true"
indexed="true" multiValued="true"/>
<!-- fields for feed plugin (tag is also used by microformats-reltag)-->
<field name="author" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true"/>
<field name="tag" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true" multiValued="true"/>
<field name="feed" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true"/>
<field name="publishedDate" type="date" stored="true"
indexed="true"/>
<field name="updatedDate" type="date" stored="true"
indexed="true"/>
<!-- fields for creativecommons plugin -->
<field name="cc" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true"
multiValued="true"/>
<!-- fields for tld plugin -->
<field name="tld" type="string" stored="false" indexed="false"/>
</fields>
<uniqueKey>id</uniqueKey>
<defaultSearchField>content</defaultSearchField>
<solrQueryParser defaultOperator="OR"/>
</schema>
以上文档包括5个部分:
(1)FiledType:域的类型
(2)Field:哪些域被索引、存储等,以及这个域是什么类型。
(3)uniqueKey:哪个域作为id,即文章的唯一标识。
(4)defaultSearchField:默认的搜索域
(5)solrQueryParser:OR,即使用OR来构建Query。
2、Field元素
一个或者多个Field元素组成一个Fields元素,Nutch中使用了此结构,但solr的example中没有Fileds元素,而是直接将Fields元素作为schma元素的下一级元素。FieldType与此类似。
一个Filed的示例如下:
<field name="tag" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true" multiValued="true"/>
Filed的几个基本属性如下:
(1)name属性
域的名称
(2)type属性
域的类型
(3)stored属性
是否存储这个域,只有存储了,才能在搜索结果中查看这个域的完整内容。
(4)indexed属性
是否索引这个域,索引了就可以用作搜索域,除此之外,即使你不需要对这个域进行搜索,但需要排序、分组、查询提示、facet、function queries等,也需要对这个域进行索引。
例如,查询一本书时,一般不会通过销售的数量进行搜索,但会根据销售的数量进行排序。
In addition to enabling searching, you will also need to mark your field as indexed if you need to sort, facet, group by, provide query suggestions for, or execute function queries on values within a field.
(5)multiValued属性
若一个域中允许存在多个值,则设置multiValued为true。
<field name="tag" type="string" stored="true" indexed="true" multiValued="true"/>
<add>
<doc>
............
<Field name="tag">lucene</Field>
<Field name="tag">solr</Field>
</doc>
</add>
若使用SolrJ,则使用addField方法代替setField方法。
doc.addField("tag","lucene");
doc.addField("tag","solr");
(6)required属性
Solr使用required属性来指定每个提交的文档都必须提供这个域。注意uniqueKey元素中指定的域隐含了required=true。
<field name="url" type="url" stored="true" indexed="true" required="true"/>
3、dynamicField元素
<dynamicField name="*_ti" type="tint" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
(1)一般而言,不要使用动态域,除非是以下三种情况
■ Modeling documents with many fields
■ Supporting documents from diverse sources
■ Adding new document sources
具体可见solr in action的5.3.3节。
4、copyField
copyFiled用于以下2种情形
copy fields support two use cases that are common in most search applications:
■ Populate a single catch-all field with the contents of multiple fields.
■ Apply different text analysis to the same field content to create a new searchable field.
即
(1)将多个域复制到一个单一的域,以方便搜索等。如:
<copyField source="title" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="author" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="description" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="keywords" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="content" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="content_type" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="resourcename" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="url" dest="text"/>
则搜索时只对text进行搜索即可。
(2)对同一个域进行多次不同的分析处理,如:
<field name="text"
type="stemmed_text"
indexed="true"
stored="true"/>
<field name="auto_suggest"
type="unstemmed_text"
indexed="true"
stored="false"
multiValued="true"/>
...
<copyField source="text" dest="auto_suggest" />
在上述例子中,若对一个域进行索引,则将词汇词干化,但在搜索提示时,就不对词汇进行词干化。
5、FieldType元素
(1)FiedlType定义了Filed的类型,它将在Filed中的type属性中被引用。
(2)Solr内置的FiledType有以下类型:
(3)有2大类FieldType:
一类是要对其进行分析后再索引的非结构化数据,如文章 的正文等,如StrField,TrieLongField等。
另一类是不需要对其进行分析,而直接索引的的结构批数据,如url,id,人名等,主要是TextField。
(4)在schema.xml中看到 的solr.*代表的是org.apache.solr.schema.*,如
<fieldType name="string" class="solr.StrField" sortMissingLast="true" omitNorms="true"/>
表示类型为org.apache.solr.schema.StrField。
(5)StringField
StringField中的内容不应该被分析,它包含的是结构化数据。
StringField,用类org.apache.solr.schema.StrField表示。
(6)DateField
DateField一般使用TrieDateField来表示,其中Trie数据可以方便的进行范围搜索。
DateField的默认格式:In general, Solr expects your dates to be in the ISO-8601 Date/Time format (yyyy-MMddTHH:mm:ssZ); the date in our tweet (2012-05-22T09:30:22Z) breaks down to
yyyy = 2012
MM = 05
dd = 22
HH = 09 (24-hr clock)
mm = 30
ss = 22
Z = UTC Timezone (Z is for Zulu)
可以通过以下方式截取其内容:
<field name="timestamp">2012-05022T09:30:00Z/HOUR</fileld>
表示截取到小时的粒度,即其值为:2012-05022T09:00:00Z
(7)NumericField
有多个实现类型,如TrieDoubleField,TrieFloatField,TrieIntField,TrieLongField等。
(8)type有多个属性,主要包括
sortMissingFirst:当根据使用这个类型的域进行排序时,若这个域没有值,则在排序时,将此文档放在最前面。
sortMissingLast::当根据使用这个类型的域进行排序时,若这个域没有值,则在排序时,将此文档放在最后面。
precisionStep:
positionIncrementGap:见solr in action 5.4.4节。
6、UniqueKey元素
(1)Solr使用<uniqueKey>元素来标识一个唯一标识符,类似于一个数据库表的主键。如:
<uniqueKey>id</uniqueKey>
必须选择一个Field作为一个uniqueKey。使用uniqueKey标识的字段,每一个进行索引的文档都必须提供。
(2)Solr不要求为每个文档提供一个唯一标识符,但建议为每个文档都提供一个唯一标识符,以用于避免重复等。
(3)当向solr提交一个文档时,若此文档的id已经存在,则此文档会覆盖原有的文档。
(4)如果solr被部署在多个服务器中,则必须提供uniqueKey。
(5)使用基本类似来作为uniqueKey,不要使用复杂类型。 One thing to note is that it’s best to use a primitive field type, such as string or long, for the field you indicate as being the <uniqueKey/> as that ensures Solr doesn’t make
any changes to the value during indexing
三、SolrConfig.xml中与索引相关的内容
以下为一个示例
<!-- The default high-performance update handler -->
<updateHandler class="solr.DirectUpdateHandler2">
<!--
Enables a transaction log, used for real-time get, durability, and
and solr cloud replica recovery. The log can grow as big as
uncommitted changes to the index, so use of a hard autoCommit
is recommended (see below).
"dir" - the target directory for transaction logs, defaults to the
solr data directory.
-->
<updateLog>
<str name="dir">${solr.ulog.dir:}</str>
</updateLog>
<!--
AutoCommit
Perform a hard commit automatically under certain conditions.
Instead of enabling autoCommit, consider using "commitWithin"
when adding documents.
http://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateXmlMessages
maxDocs - Maximum number of documents to add since the last
commit before automatically triggering a new commit.
maxTime - Maximum amount of time in ms that is allowed to pass
since a document was added before automatically
triggering a new commit.
openSearcher - if false, the commit causes recent index changes
to be flushed to stable storage, but does not cause a new
searcher to be opened to make those changes visible.
If the updateLog is enabled, then it's highly recommended to
have some sort of hard autoCommit to limit the log size.
-->
<autoCommit>
<maxTime>${solr.autoCommit.maxTime:15000}</maxTime>
<openSearcher>false</openSearcher>
</autoCommit>
<!--
softAutoCommit is like autoCommit except it causes a
'soft' commit which only ensures that changes are visible
but does not ensure that data is synced to disk. This is
faster and more near-realtime friendly than a hard commit.
-->
<autoSoftCommit>
<maxTime>${solr.autoSoftCommit.maxTime:-1}</maxTime>
</autoSoftCommit>
<!--
Update Related Event Listeners
Various IndexWriter related events can trigger Listeners to
take actions.
postCommit - fired after every commit or optimize command
postOptimize - fired after every optimize command
-->
<!--
The RunExecutableListener executes an external command from a
hook such as postCommit or postOptimize.
exe - the name of the executable to run
dir - dir to use as the current working directory. (default=".")
wait - the calling thread waits until the executable returns.
(default="true")
args - the arguments to pass to the program. (default is none)
env - environment variables to set. (default is none)
-->
<!--
This example shows how RunExecutableListener could be used
with the script based replication...
http://wiki.apache.org/solr/CollectionDistribution
-->
<!--
<listener event="postCommit" class="solr.RunExecutableListener">
<str name="exe">solr/bin/snapshooter</str>
<str name="dir">.</str>
<bool name="wait">true</bool>
<arr name="args"> <str>arg1</str> <str>arg2</str> </arr>
<arr name="env"> <str>MYVAR=val1</str> </arr>
</listener>
-->
</updateHandler>
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