java 1.7 1.8区别_jdk1.7和jdk1.8区别

在jdk7的新特性方面主要有一下几方面的增强

本文是我学习了解了jdk7和jdk8的一些新特性的一些资料，有兴趣的大家可以浏览下下面的内容。官方文档

在jdk7的新特性方面主要有下面几方面的增强：

jdk1.7语法上

1.1 二进制变量的表示，支持将整数类型用二进制来表示，以0b开头。

所有整数int、short、long、byte都可以用二进制表示

// An 8-bit 'byte' value:

byte aByte = (byte) 0b00100001;

```

// A 16-bit 'short' value:

short aShort = (short) 0b1010000101000101;

// Some 32-bit 'int' values:

intanInt1 = 0b10100001010001011010000101000101;

intanInt2 = 0b101;

intanInt3 = 0B101; // The B can be upper or lower case.

// A 64-bit 'long' value. Note the "L" suffix:

long aLong = 0b1010000101000101101000010100010110100001010001011010000101000101L;

// 二进制在数组等的使用

final int[] phases = { 0b00110001, 0b01100010, 0b11000100, 0b10001001,

0b00010011, 0b00100110, 0b01001100, 0b10011000 };

1.2 Switch语句支持String类型

public void String getTypeOfDayWithSwitchStatement(String dayOfWeekArg) {

String typeOfDay;

switch (dayOfWeekArg) {

case "Monday":

typeOfDay = "Start of work week";

break;

case "Tuesday":

case "Wednesday":

case "Thursday":

typeOfDay = "Midweek";

break;

case "Friday":

typeOfDay = "End of work week";

break;

case "Saturday":

case "Sunday":

typeOfDay = "Weekend";

break;

default:

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid day of the week: " + dayOfWeekArg);

}

return typeOfDay;

}

1.3 Try-with-resource语句

> 注意：实现java.long.AutoCloseable接口的资源都可以放到try中，

跟final里面的关闭资源类似；按照声明逆序关闭资源；Try块抛出的异常Throwable.getSuppressed获取。

try (java.util.zip.ZipFile zf = new java.util.zip.ZipFile(zipFileName);

java.io.BufferedWriter writer = java.nio.file.Files

.newBufferedWriter(outputFilePath, charset)) {

// Enumerate each entry

for (java.util.Enumeration entries = zf.entries(); entries

.hasMoreElements();) {

// Get the entry name and write it to the output file

String newLine = System.getProperty("line.separator");

String zipEntryName = ((java.util.zip.ZipEntry) entries

.nextElement()).getName() + newLine;

writer.write(zipEntryName, 0, zipEntryName.length());

}

}

```

1.4 Catch多个异常 说明：Catch异常类型为final； 生成Bytecode 会比多个catch小； Rethrow时保持异常类型

```

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

try {

testthrows();

} catch (IOException | SQLException ex) {

throw ex;

}

}

public static void testthrows() throws IOException, SQLException {

}

```

1.5 数字类型的下划线表示 更友好的表示方式，不过要注意下划线添加的一些标准，可以参考下面的示例

```

long creditCardNumber = 1234_5678_9012_3456L;

long socialSecurityNumber = 999_99_9999L;

float pi = 3.14_15F;

long hexBytes = 0xFF_EC_DE_5E;

long hexWords = 0xCAFE_BABE;

long maxLong = 0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffffL;

byte nybbles = 0b0010_0101;

long bytes = 0b11010010_01101001_10010100_10010010;

//float pi1 = 3_.1415F; // Invalid; cannot put underscores adjacent to a decimal point

//float pi2 = 3._1415F; // Invalid; cannot put underscores adjacent to a decimal point

//long socialSecurityNumber1= 999_99_9999_L; // Invalid; cannot put underscores prior to an L suffix

//int x1 = _52; // This is an identifier, not a numeric literal

int x2 = 5_2; // OK (decimal literal)

//int x3 = 52_; // Invalid; cannot put underscores at the end of a literal

int x4 = 5_______2; // OK (decimal literal)

//int x5 = 0_x52; // Invalid; cannot put underscores in the 0x radix prefix

//int x6 = 0x_52; // Invalid; cannot put underscores at the beginning of a number

int x7 = 0x5_2; // OK (hexadecimal literal)

//int x8 = 0x52_; // Invalid; cannot put underscores at the end of a number

int x9 = 0_52; // OK (octal literal)

int x10 = 05_2; // OK (octal literal)

//int x11 = 052_; // Invalid; cannot put underscores at the end of a number

```

1.6 泛型实例的创建可以通过类型推断来简化 可以去掉后面new部分的泛型类型，只用<>就可以了。

```

List strList = new ArrayList();

List strList4 = new ArrayList();

List>> strList5 = new ArrayList>>();

```

```

//编译器使用尖括号 (<>) 推断类型

List strList0 = new ArrayList();

List>> strList1 = new ArrayList>>();

List strList2 = new ArrayList<>();

List>> strList3 = new ArrayList<>();

List list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add("A");

// The following statement should fail since addAll expects

// Collection extends String>

//list.addAll(new ArrayList<>());

```

1.7 在可变参数方法中传递非具体化参数,改进编译警告和错误

Heap pollution 指一个变量被指向另外一个不是相同类型的变量。例如

```

List l = new ArrayList();

List ls = l; // unchecked warning

l.add(0, new Integer(42)); // another unchecked warning

String s = ls.get(0); // ClassCastException is thrown

Jdk7:

public static void addToList (List listArg, T... elements) {

for (T x : elements) {

listArg.add(x);

}

}

```

> 你会得到一个warning

warning: [varargs] Possible heap pollution from parameterized vararg type

要消除警告，可以有三种方式

1.加 annotation @SafeVarargs

2.加 annotation @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "varargs"})

3.使用编译器参数 –Xlint:varargs;

1.8 信息更丰富的回溯追踪 就是上面try中try语句和里面的语句同时抛出异常时，异常栈的信息

```

java.io.IOException

* at Suppress.write(Suppress.java:19)

* at Suppress.main(Suppress.java:8)

* Suppressed: java.io.IOException

* at Suppress.close(Suppress.java:24)

* at Suppress.main(Suppress.java:9)

* Suppressed: java.io.IOException

* at Suppress.close(Suppress.java:24)

* at Suppress.main(Suppress.java:9)

```

2. ThreadLocalRandon 并发下随机数生成类，保证并发下的随机数生成的线程安全，实际上就是使用threadlocal

final int MAX = 100000;

ThreadLocalRandom threadLocalRandom = ThreadLocalRandom.current();

long start = System.nanoTime();

for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {

threadLocalRandom.nextDouble();

}

long end = System.nanoTime() - start;

System.out.println("use time1 : " + end);

long start2 = System.nanoTime();

for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {

Math.random();

}

long end2 = System.nanoTime() - start2;

System.out.println("use time2 : " + end2);