Python如何实现单步调试

    遇到大型python项目，如何定位问题和监控程序的运行状态是一个程序员必须掌握的技能，今天小编为你带来python程序的单步调试方法，方便易用，简单易记！

首先你需要在所调试程序的开头中：import pdb 并在你的代码行设置断点：pdb.set_trace()

def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):  
    global sArge
    sArge=''
    args = []  
    #对于get请求，将参数组合  
    if reqmethod.upper()=='GET':
        for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):  
            if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None": 
                ArgValue =  Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)
                if '$$' in ArgValue:#走关联分支
                    args = ArgValue.split('$$')
                    #print args
                    corvalue = Correl(args[0], args[1], args[2])
                    pdb.set_trace()   #######这儿设置断点，程序运行到此处就开始了单步调试###########
                    if corvalue == []:
                        sArge = 'correlerr'
                        #return sArge
                        #infolog="关联失败"
                        #ret1 = 'NG'
                        #Data.write_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, 15,infolog,NG_COLOR)
                        #write_result(Date, SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, 16, ret1)
                    else:
                        sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+corvalue[0]+'&'                        
                else:
                    sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+ArgValue+'&'
                #print sArge
        #去掉结尾的&字符  
        if sArge[-1:]=='&':  
            sArge = sArge[0:-1]     
        #sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge    #为了post和get分开方便，不在这里组合接口名，在调用的地方组合接口名。
        return sArge 
    #对于post请求，因为不知道连接格式是=还是冒号，或者是其他的格式，所以不做拼接。直接取参数的第一个作为上传body。
    else:
        sArge=Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, 3)
        if '$$' in sArge:#走关联分支
            args = sArge.split('$$')
            #print args
            corvalue = Correl(args[0], args[1], args[2])
            if corvalue == []:
                sArge = 'correlerr'
                return sArge
            else:
                return sArge

程序开始之后pdb调试界面：

> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(253)HTTPInvoke()
-> if reqmethod.upper()=="GET":
(Pdb) l                               #执行命令l,会显示出当前代码的上下文，下面的‘->’就是当前即将执行的代码
248      def HTTPInvoke(url,requestUri):
249          proto,rest=urllib.splittype(url) 
250          host,rest =urllib.splithost(rest)
251          conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host)  
252          pdb.set_trace()
253  ->        if reqmethod.upper()=="GET":
254              print url
255              conn.request(reqmethod.upper(), url,headers=reqHeaders)
256              rsps = conn.getresponse()
257              if rsps.status==200:
258                  data = rsps.read()
(Pdb) reqmethod.upper()              #可以直接输入相关变量名称来查看当前变量的值
'GET'
(Pdb) n                              #n就是next的意思就是执行下一行
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(254)HTTPInvoke()
-> print url
(Pdb) b 260                          #设置断点
Breakpoint 1 at c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py:260
(Pdb) n
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(254)HTTPInvoke()
-> print url
(Pdb) 
http://yue.sogou.com/api/h5/v1/history/recharge/list?pageNo=1&pageSize=1
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(255)HTTPInvoke()
-> conn.request(reqmethod.upper(), url,headers=reqHeaders)
(Pdb) s                              # 上面通过执行n程序运行到调用函数的地方，使用s可以进入函数内部
--Call--
> c:\python27\lib\httplib.py(1040)request()
-> def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
(Pdb) a                              # 显示当前所有栈变量的值
self = <httplib.HTTPConnection instance at 0x03A8CE68>
method = GET
url = http://yue.sogou.com/api/h5/v1/history/recharge/list?pageNo=1&pageSize=1
body = None
headers = {'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Cookie': 'SUV=004C0C0F6FCA67CB585CD8F53FC5D135; CXID=647977743F187E018526B8ECA587A052; IPLOC=CN1100; OPENID=6D4569C5D00A35876E60A94E34D685AD; pgv_pvi=2641157120; _ga=GA1.2.2141014782.1484890447; ssuid=5496173722; SMYUV=1485154923097202; sgsa_id=sogou.com|1486180882291442; GOTO=Af99046; clientId=291C8B8E05B2647F206981AD04136539; JSESSIONID=aaa_iPLt7BVjahJ1G5GOv; SNUID=FB57E5402F2A672762F7CB303085C13A; ld=uRGSyZllll2YYa4WlllllVAtUeYlllllWTieMkllll9llllljylll5@@@@@@@@@@; LSTMV=316%2C266; LCLKINT=3486; sct=61; ad=jkllllllll2Yg2o@lllllVANab9lllllbDIXhZllllwllllljOxlw@@@@@@@@@@@; SUID=7BC6CA017F430E0A0000000052256039; YYID=AA6E39EBC7D6CC4AA0839B4929E7511C; usid=pp63hL5QOQSxi2gw; sgid=AViadNOrPzjYb8SzAw5wsq5g', 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0'}
(Pdb) l
1035                 self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
1036             else:
1037                 raise CannotSendHeader()
1038             self._send_output(message_body)
1039     
1040 ->        def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
1041             """Send a complete request to the server."""
1042             self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
1043     
1044         def _set_content_length(self, body, method):
1045             # Set the content-length based on the body. If the body is "empty", we
(Pdb) r                                   #命令r返回到前面所进入函数的末尾
--Return--
> c:\python27\lib\httplib.py(1042)request()->None
-> self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
(Pdb) l                                   # 可以通过l验证一下当前程序执行的位置
1037                 raise CannotSendHeader()
1038             self._send_output(message_body)
1039     
1040         def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
1041             """Send a complete request to the server."""
1042 ->            self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
1043     
1044         def _set_content_length(self, body, method):
1045             # Set the content-length based on the body. If the body is "empty", we
1046             # set Content-Length: 0 for methods that expect a body (RFC 7230,
1047             # Section 3.3.2). If the body is set for other methods, we set the
(Pdb) r                                    # 再执行r返回到调用该函数的地方
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(256)HTTPInvoke()
-> rsps = conn.getresponse()
(Pdb) l                                     
251          conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(host)  
252          pdb.set_trace()
253          if reqmethod.upper()=="GET":
254              print url
255              conn.request(reqmethod.upper(), url,headers=reqHeaders)
256  ->            rsps = conn.getresponse()
257              if rsps.status==200:
258                  data = rsps.read()
259                  data = str(data)  
260 B                conn.close()  
261                  return data
(Pdb) c                                    #执行命令c继续运行程序，直到断点就停留在此位置，上面设置断点的命令“b 260”260表示第多少行
> c:\users\wangchao\workspace\interface_test\testframe.py(260)HTTPInvoke()
-> conn.close()
(Pdb) l
255              conn.request(reqmethod.upper(), url,headers=reqHeaders)
256              rsps = conn.getresponse()
257              if rsps.status==200:
258                  data = rsps.read()
259                  data = str(data)  
260 B->                conn.close()  
261                  return data
262              elif rsps.status==301 or rsps.status==302:
263                  headerstr=rsps.getheaders()
264                  for i in headerstr:
265                      if i[0].lower()=='location':
(Pdb) pp data                                # pp 打印某个变量的值
'{"code":0,"data":{"pageCount":0,"pageList":[],"pageNo":1,"pageSize":1,"totalCount":0},"msg":"\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8a\x9f"}'
(Pdb)    

总结：上面的程序是本人私有，因而不能全部上传，在练习pdb时，建议使用自己的程序，pdb单步调试方法总结如下：

命令

	解释
break 或 b 设置断点	设置断点
continue 或 c	继续执行程序
list 或 l	查看当前行的代码段
step 或 s	进入函数
return 或 r	执行代码直到从当前函数返回
exit 或 q	中止并退出
next 或 n	执行下一行
pp	打印变量的值
a	查看全部栈内变量

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wc554303896/p/7191158.html