python基础

# 面试题
# for i in range(0, 10, -1):
#     print(i)

# li = [1, 2, 5, 'a', [5, 6, 'kd'], "abc"]
# for i in li:
#     if type(i) == list:
#         for n in i:
#             print(n)
#     else: print(i)

# key1 = []
# key2 = []
# dic = {}
# li = [11, 23, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99]
# for i in li:
#     if i > 66:
#         key1.append(i)
#     else:
#         key2.append(i)
# dic.setdefault("k1", key1)
# dic.setdefault("k2", key2)
# print(dic)

# while 1:
#     li = ["手机", "电脑", "鼠标", "游艇"]
#     for i in li:
#         print(li.index(i)+1, i)
#     chioce = input("请输入数字，Q 或者q退出>>>")
#     if chioce.isdigit():
#         chioce = int(chioce)
#         if chioce > 0 and chioce <= len(li):print(li[chioce-1])
#         else:print("请输入有效数字")
#     elif chioce.upper() == "Q":break
#     else:print("请输入数字")

# a = 300
# b = 300
# print(id(a), id(b))
# i = "alex@"
# c = "alex@"
# print(i is c)

# s1 = '中文'
# # encode 编码, 如何将str -->bytes
# s11 = s1.encode('utf-8')
# print(s11)
# s22 = s1.encode('gbk')
# print(s22)

# f = open('C:/Users/陶政全/Desktop/个人/python面试笔记.txt', 'r', encoding="utf-8").read()
# print(f)

# # 修改文件
# with open('file', encoding='utf-8') as f, open('files', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f2:
#     for line in f:
#         if 'nice' in line:
#             line = line.replace("nice", "good")
#         f2.write(line)
#
# import os
# os.remove("file")  # 删除文件
# os.rename("files", "file")  # 改文件名

s = '42425252'
b = '1425'
# n = 0
# print(len(s))
# for i in s:
#     n += 1
# print(n)


# def func(s):
#     i = 0
#     for k in s:
#         i += 1
#     return i
# lenght = func(b)
# print(lenght)

# li = [1, 3, 2, 'a', 4, 'b', 5, 'c']
# l3 = li[::2]
# print(l3)
# l4 = li[1:6:2]
# print(l4)
# l5 = li[-1:]
# print(l5)
# l6 = li[-3::-2]
# print(l6)

# lis = [['k', ['qwe', 20, {'k1': ['tt', 3, '1']}, 89], 'ab']]
# lis[0][1][2]['k1'][0] = "TT"
# print(lis)
# print(lis[0][1][2]['k1'][0].upper())
# lis[0][1][2]['k1'][1] = "100"
# lis[0][1][2]['k1'][1] = str(lis[0][1][2]['k1'][1]+97)
# lis[0][1][2]['k1'][2] = 101
# lis[0][1][2]['k1'][2] = int(lis[0][1][2]['k1'][2])+100
# print(lis)

# dic = {'k1': "v1", 'k2': ['alex', 'sb'], (1, 2, 3, 4, 5): {'k3': ['2', 100, 'wer']}}
# dic['k2'].append('23')
# dic['k2'].insert(0, 'a')
# print(dic)
# dic[(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)].setdefault('k4','v4')
# dic[(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)].setdefault((1,2,3),'ok')
# dic[(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)]['k3'][2] = 'qq'
# print(dic)

# int加引号就是str ;int, str 必须是数字才能转化
# int 转化成bool, 0为FALSE 其他为TRUE
# str 转化成bool，空为FALSE 其他为TRUE
# str.split()转化为list

# li = ['alex', 'wusir', 'rain']
# lis = ''.join(li)
# print(lis)
# lis = '*'.join(li)
# print(lis)
# li = 'alexwusirlex'
# lis = li[0].split(',') + li[1:].split(',')
# print(lis)
# li = 'alex wusir'
# lis = li.replace(' ', ',').split(',')
# print(lis)
# li = 'alex'
# lis = '_'.join(li)
# print(lis)

# sum = 0
# for i in range(1, 100):
#     if i%2 == 0:
#         sum -= i
#     else:
#         sum += i
# print(sum)
# n = 1
# # sum = 0
# # while n<100:
# #     if n%2 == 0:
# #         sum -= n
# #     else:
# #         sum +=n
# #     n +=1
# # print(sum)

# for i in range(100,-1,-1):
#     print(i)

# count = 0
# s = input(">>>")
# for i in range(len(s)):
#     if i % 2 == 1 and s[i].isdigit():
#         count += 1
# print(count)

# l1 = []
# l2 = []
# dic ={}
# li = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99]
# for i in li:
#     if i > 66:
#         l2.append(i)
#     else:
#         l1.append(i)
# dic.setdefault("key1", l1)
# dic.setdefault("key2", l2)
# print(dic)

# li = ['taibai', 'alexC', 'Abc', 'egon', 'Ritian', 'Wusir', 'aqc']
# lis = []
# for i in li:
#     i.replace(' ', '')
#     if i.startswith("A") or i.startswith('a') or i.endswith('c'):
#         lis.append(i)
# print(lis)


# from urllib.request import urlopen
# def get_url():
#     url = 'http://www.xiaohua100.cn/index.html'
#     def get():
#         ret = urlopen(url).read()
#         print(ret)
#     return get
# get_func = get_url()
# get_func()

# def all_sum(*args):
#     sum1 = sum(args)
#     return sum1
# print(all_sum(1, 2, 6))


# def all_sum(args):
#     if len(args) > 2:
#         a = args[:2]
#     return a
# print(all_sum('asdfgh'))

# def func(s):
#     num = 0
#     alpha = 0
#     space = 0
#     other = 0
#     for i in s:
#         if i.isdigit():
#             num += 1
#         elif i.isalpha():
#             alpha += 1
#         elif i.isspace():
#             space += 1
#         else:
#             other += 1
#     return num, alpha, space, other
# print(func("dfaf161ga6 16afa 16"))

# def func(filename, old, new):
#     with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as f, open('%s.txt'%filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f1:
#         for line in f:
#             if old in line:
#                 line = line.replace(old, new)
#             f1.write(line)
#     import os
#     os.remove(filename)
#     os.rename('%s.txt'%filename, filename)
# func()


# from functools import wraps
# def wrapper(func):   # 1 装饰函数
#     @wraps(func)
#     def inner(*args, **kwargs):  # 4
#         print("大家好")  # 5
#         ret = func(*args, **kwargs)  # 6
#         # print("++++")
#         return ret  # 9
#     # print("***", inner, func)
#     return inner  #
#
# @wrapper  # 语法糖  # 3
# def index(*args, **kwargs):  # 2
#     print("你好", args)  # 7
#     return args  # 8
# #  index = wrapper(index) === @wrapper
# print(index.__name__)
# ttt = index(1, 2, 3, 4)  # inner() 10
# print(ttt)  # 11


# a = (1, 2, 3)
# a1 = a[:]
# print(id(a) == id(a1))

# ======生成器=======
# def scq():
#     for i in range(50):
#         print('===')
#         yield i
# ret = scq()
# print(ret)
# ret1 = ret.__next__()
# print(ret1)
# ret1 = ret.__next__()
# print(ret1)
# ret1 = ret.__next__()
# print(ret1)

# ===生成器2====

# def generator():
#     print(123)
#     contect = yield 1
#     print('----', contect)
#     print(456)
#     yield 2
# g = generator()
# ret = g.__next__()
# print('***', ret)
# ret = g.send('hello')  # send的效果和next一样
# print('***', ret)
# # send获取下一个值的时候， 给上一个yield的位置传递一个数据
# # 使用send的注意事项
#     # 第一次使用生成器的时候 是用next获取下一个值
#     # 最后一个yield不能接受外部的值

# =====  装饰器和生成器的使用====

# def init(func):
#     def inner(*args, **kwargs):
#         g = func(*args, **kwargs)
#         g.__next__()
#         return g
#     return inner
# @init
# def average():
#     sum = 0
#     count = 0
#     avg = 0
#     while True:
#         num = yield avg
#         sum += num
#         count += 1
#         avg = sum/count
# avg_g = average()
# ret = avg_g.send(10)
# print(ret)
# ret = avg_g.send(20)
# print(ret)


# def generator():
#     a = 'abcde'
#     b = '12345'
#     for i in a:
#         yield i
#     for i in b:
#         yield i
# ======上面跟下面的效果一样=======
# def generator():
#     a = 'abcde'
#     b = '12345'
#     yield from a
#     yield from b
# g = generator()
# for i in g:
#     print(i)

# 装饰器
# def tail(filename):
#     f = open(filename, encoding='utf-8')
#     while True:
#         line = f.readline()
#         if line:
#             yield line.strip()
#
# g = tail('file')
# for i in g:
#     if 'python' in i:
#         print(i)


# def wahaha():
#     """
#     查看注释的语句
#     :return:
#     """
#     print("哈哈哈")
# print(wahaha.__name__)  # 查看字符串的格式函数名
# print(wahaha.__doc__)  # document

# # 1.编写装饰器， 为多个函数加上认证的功能（用户的账号密码来源于文件），
# # 要求登录成功，后续的函数都无需再输入用户名和密码
# from functools import wraps
# FLAG = False
# def login(func):
#     @wraps(func)
#     def inner(*args, **kwargs):
#         global FLAG
#         if FLAG:
#             ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
#             return ret
#         else:
#             username = input('username>>>')
#             password = input('password>>>')
#             if username == '123' and password == '123':
#                 FLAG = True
#                 ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
#                 return ret
#             else:
#                 print("登入失败")
#     return inner
# @login
# def shoplist_add():
#     print("增加一件物品")
# @login
# def shoplist_del():
#     print("删除一件物品")
# shoplist_add()
# shoplist_del()

# # 登入日志
# from functools import wraps
# import time
# def log(func):
#     @wraps(func)
#     def inner(*args, **kwargs):
#         with open('file', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
#             f.write(func.__name__+'\n'+time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.gmtime())+'\n')
#         ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
#         return ret
#     return inner
#
# @log
# def shoplist_add():
#     print('增加')
# @log
# def shoplist_del():
#     print('减少')
# shoplist_del()
# shoplist_add()


# # 创建一个装饰器  检验本地是否有东西  没有从网上下载下来
# from urllib.request import urlopen
# import os
# from functools import wraps
#
# def cache(func):
#     @wraps(func)
#     def inner(*args, **kwargs):
#         if os.path.getsize('file'):
#             with open('file', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
#                 return f.read()
#         ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
#         with open('file', 'wb') as f:
#             f.write(ret)
#         return ret
#
#     return inner
# @cache
# def get(url):
#     code = urlopen(url).read
#     return code
# ret = get('http://www.baidu.com')
# print(ret)


# # 带参数的装饰器
# import time
# FLAGE = True
# def timmer_out(flag):
#     def timmer(func):
#         def inner(*args, **kwargs):
#             if flag:
#                 start = time.time()
#                 ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
#                 end = time.time()
#                 print(end - start)
#                 return ret
#             else:
#                 ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
#                 return ret
#         return inner
#     return timmer
# timmer = timmer_out(FLAGE)
# @timmer
# def wahaha():
#     time.sleep(0.1)
#     print("hahahha")
# @timmer
# def ennene():
#     time.sleep(0.1)
#     print("enenen")
# wahaha()
# ennene()

# name = [['Tom', 'errss', 'Ling'],
#         ['Fass', 'eles', 'dkcl']]
# ret = [i for lit in name for i in lit if i.count('s') == 2]
# print(ret)

# 1.生成器重点数据只能取一次， 取完就没有  2.惰性运算，不找到取值，他就不工作
# def demo():
#     for i in range(4):
#         yield i
# g=demo()
# g1=(i for i in g)
# g2=(i for i in g1)
# print(list(g1))
# print(list(g2))

# #  ======面试题=====
# def add(n,i):
#     return n+i
# def test():
#     for i in range(4):
#         yield i
# g=test()
# for n in [1,10]:
#     g=(add(n,i) for i in g)
# # n=1
# # g = (add(n,i) for i in g)
# # n =10
# # g = (add(10, i) for i in (add(10,i) for i in (test())))
# print(list(g))

# def file(s):
#     with open(s, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
#         name = input('>>>')
#         for line in f:
#             if name in line:
#                 yield '***'+line
# g = file('file')
# for i in g:
#     print(i.strip())
#  ====面试题===
# def test():
#     for i in range(4):
#         yield i
# g = test()
# for i in [10, 2]:
#     g = (i+n for n in g)
#
# # i = 10
# # g = (i+n for n in test())
# # i = 2
# # g = (i+n for n in (i+n for n in test())
# print(list(g))



# print(divmod(9, 5))
# print(abs(-5))
# print(round(3.1415, 2))
# print(pow(2, 3))
# print(3>2==2)

#  ============重要知识点==========
# def is_str(s):
#     return type(s) == str
# ret = filter(is_str, [1, 'hello', 6, 7, 'world', 12, 17])
# print(ret)
# for i in ret:
#     print(i)


# from math import sqrt
# def func(num):
#     ret = sqrt(num)
#     return ret % 1 == 0
# ret = filter(func, range(1, 101))
# for i in ret:
#     print(i)

# ret = map(abs, [1, -4, 6, -8])
# print(ret)
# for i in ret:
#     print(i)

# filter 执行了filter之后的结果集合<=执行之前的个数
# filter只管筛选，不会改变原来的值
# map执行前后元素个数不变
# 值可能发生改变


# l = [1, -4, 6, 5, -10]
# # l.sort(key = abs)  # 在原来列表的基础上进行排序
# # print(l)
#
# print(sorted(l, key=abs, reverse=True))  # 生成了一个新列表 不改变原来列表
# print(l)

# 列表中元素按长度排序
# l = ['   ', [1, 2], 'hello world', 'nihao']
# new_l = sorted(l, key=len)
# print(new_l)

# dic = {'k1': 10, 'k2': 100, 'k3': 30}
# print(max(dic, key=lambda k: dic[k]))

# 现在有两个元祖(('a'),('b')),(('c'),('d'))
# 请使用python中匿名函数生成列表[{'a', 'b'},{'c','d']

# zip
# ret = zip((('a'), ('b')), (('c'), ('d')))
# for i in ret:
#     print(i)

# ret = zip((('a'), ('b')), (('c'), ('d')))
# res = map(lambda tup: {tup[0]: tup[1]}, ret)
# print(list(res))

# def multipliers():
#     return [lambda x: i*x for i in range(4)]
# print([m(2) for m in multipliers()])

# name = ['alex', 'wupeiqu', 'yuanhao', 'nezha']
# ret = map(lambda item: item+'_sb', name)
# print(list(ret))

# 用filter函数处理数字列表， 将列表中所有的偶数筛选出来
# num = [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8]
# def func(x):
#     return x % 2 == 0
# ret = filter(func, num)  # ret是迭代器
# print(list(ret))
# ret = filter(lambda x:x%2==0, num)
# print(list(ret))


# ===============分页方法===============
# with open('file', encoding='utf-8') as f:
#     l = f.readlines()
# page_num = int(input(">>>"))
# pages, mod = divmod(len(l), 5)
# if mod:
#     pages += 1
# if page_num > pages or page_num <= 0:
#     print('输入有误')
# elif page_num == pages and mod != 0:
#     for i in range(mod):
#         print(l[(page_num-1)*5+i].strip())
# else:
#     for i in range(5):
#         print(l[(page_num-1)*5 +i].strip())


protfolio = [
    {'name': 'IBM', 'shares': 100, 'price': 91.1},
    {'name': 'PPM', 'shares': 50, 'price': 543.22},
    {'name': 'HPO', 'shares': 200, 'price': 32.1}
]
#  计算购买每只股票的总价
ret = map(lambda dic: {dic['name']: dic['shares']*dic['price']}, protfolio)
print(list(ret))
# 用filter过滤出，单价大于100的股票有哪些
res = filter(lambda dic: dic['price'] > 100, protfolio)
print(list(res))

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/taozhengquan/p/9463377.html