这题难度颇大啊,TLE一天了,测试数据组数太多了。双向广度优先搜索不能得到字典序最小的,一直WA。
思路:利用IDA*算法,当前状态到达目标状态的可能最小步数就是曼哈顿距离,用于搜索中的剪枝。下次搜索的限制不能直接加1,会超时,应该从当前状态到目标状态最小限制开始搜索。
AC代码
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 4e5 + 5;
int vis[maxn];
int st[9], goal[9];
const int dx[] = {1,0,0,-1};
const int dy[] = {0,-1,1,0};
const char dir[] = {'d','l','r','u'};
int fact[9], loc[9];
void deal() { //1~8阶乘打表,方便编码
fact[0] = 1;
for(int i = 1; i < 9; ++i) fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
}
int KT(int *a) {
int code = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
int cnt = 0;
for(int j = i + 1; j < 9; ++j) if(a[j] < a[i]) cnt++;
code += fact[8 - i] * cnt;
}
return code;
}
void get_pos() {
for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
loc[goal[i]] = i;
}
}
int get_h(int *a) { //曼哈顿距离
int cnt = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
if(a[i] == 0 || i == loc[a[i]]) continue;
int x = i / 3, y = i % 3;
int n = loc[a[i]];
int px = n / 3, py = n % 3;
cnt += abs(x - px) + abs(y - py);
}
return cnt;
}
char ans[50];
int a[9];
// step + h <= maxd
int maxd, nextd;
int dfs(int step, int pos) {
int h = get_h(a); // cut
//printf("h = %d\n", h);
if(h == 0) {
printf("%d\n", step);
ans[step] = '\0';
printf("%s", ans);
return 1;
}
if(step + h > maxd) {
nextd = min(nextd, step + h);
return 0;
}
int x = pos / 3, y = pos % 3;
for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
int px = x + dx[i], py = y + dy[i];
if(px < 0 || py < 0 || px >= 3 || py >= 3) continue;
int pz = px * 3 + py;
swap(a[pos], a[pz]);
int code = KT(a);
if(vis[code]) {
swap(a[pos], a[pz]);
continue;
}
vis[code] = 1;
ans[step] = dir[i];
if(dfs(step + 1, pz)) return 1;
vis[code] = 0;
swap(a[pos], a[pz]);
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
deal();
char str[50];
int T, kase = 1;
scanf("%d", &T);
while(T--) {
int pos;
scanf("%s", str);
for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
if(str[i] == 'X') {
pos = i;
st[i] = 0;
}
else st[i] = str[i] - '0';
}
scanf("%s", str);
for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
if(str[i] == 'X') goal[i] = 0;
else goal[i] = str[i] - '0';
}
get_pos();
printf("Case %d: ", kase++);
int code = KT(st);
vis[code] = 1;
for(maxd = get_h(st);;) {
nextd = 1 << 30;
memcpy(a, st, sizeof(a));
memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
if(dfs(0, pos)) break;
maxd = nextd;
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
如有不当之处欢迎指出!