1.变量名
数字,字母,下划线:aaa1;aa_b1
不能以数字开头:1aa
变量名不能是python内部的关键字
2.getpass
import getpass
username=raw_input('username:')
passwd=getpass.getpass('password:') #使得密码不可见
3.基本if条件语句
if 条件:
内容
else:
内容
-------------------------------------------------------------------
if 条件1:
...
elif 条件2:
...
elif 条件3:
...
else:
...
------------------------------------------------------------------
True False
1>2 n1>n2 n1=n2
name=="name1" or name=="name2" name!=name3
name=="name4" and name=="name5"
4.while循环语句
while 条件:
代码块
例子1:while True:
print ("1")
例子2:
#循环输出1,2,3,4,5,6.....
import time
i=1
status=True
while status:
print (i)
if i==10:
status=False
i=i+1
time.sleep(1)
print (end)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.break
#break:跳出所有循环,并且break下面的代码i=i+1 time.sleep(1)不再执行
#循环输出1,2,3,4,5,6.....
import time
i=1
status=True
while status:
print (i)
if i==10:
break
i=i+1
time.sleep(1)
print (end)
----------------------------------------------------------------
6.continue
例子1:
#continue:跳出本次循环,继续下次循环
#输出12345689
import time
i=1
while True:
if i ==7:
i+=1
continue
print (i)
if i==10:
break
time.sleep(1)
#i=i+1
i+=1
--------------------------------------------------------------------
例子2:1-100求和
#1-100求和
i=1
sum=0
while True:
print (i)
sum=sum+i
if i ==100:
break
i+=1
print sum
--------------------------------------------------------------
例子3:输出1-100的奇数:
#输出1-100奇数
i=1
while True:
if i%2==1:
print i
if i ==100:
break
i+=1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
例子4:输出1-100中的奇数并列表输出:
i=0
l=[]
while i<=100:
i=i+1
if i%2==0:
continue
else:
l.append(i)
ptint l
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.python运算符
=:赋值运算
+=:加法赋值运算符
例子:i=1 i+=1 print i (2)
i+=1相当于i=i+1
-=:减法赋值运算--i-=a相当于i=i-a
*=:乘法赋值运算:同上
\=:同上
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.逻辑运算符:
and 布尔与 or布尔或 not布尔非
\=:同上
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.成员运算符:
in not in
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.查看对象的类,或对象的内部方法#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
temp="chushujin"
print dir(temp)
help(type(temp))
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.基本数据类型常用功能
1.int整型
a.
# n1=123
# n2=456
# print n1+n2
# print n1.__add__(n2)
b.
获取可表示二进制最短位数
n1=4 00000100
ret=n1.bit_length()
print ret
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.元祖和列表
元祖和列表几乎相同
不同点:元祖不能修改,列表可添加修改其中内容
###################元祖########################:
name_tuple=('chu','shu','jin')
#索引
print (name_tuple[0])
#len
print (name_tuple[len(name_tuple)-1])
#切片
print (name_tuple[0:2:1])
#for
for i in name_tuple:
print i
#获取指定元素出现的次数
print (name_tuple.count('chu'))
#获取指定元素的位置
print (name_tuple.index('shu'))
##################################################
#enumerate自动生成一列,默认从0自增1
li=['电脑','鼠标垫','u盘','游艇']
for k,item in enumerate(li):
print k,item
inp=input("请输入:")
imp=raw_input("qingshuru:")
print (type(inp))
print (type(imp))
imp_num=int(imp)
print li[inp]
print li[imp_num]
-----------------------------------
0 电脑
1 鼠标垫
2 u盘
3 游艇
请输入:0
qingshuru:-1
<type 'int'>
<type 'str'>
电脑
游艇
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13.字典
########################字典##############
user_info={
"name":"chushujin",
"age":"18",
"gender":"M"
}
#索引
print (user_info['name'])
#没有切片
#循环---默认输出都是key
for i in user_info:
print i
#获取所有的键
print (user_info.keys())
#获取所有的值
print (user_info.values())
#获取所有的键值对
print (user_info.items())
#循环所有的键
for i in user_info.keys():
print i
#循环所有的值
for i in user_info.values():
print i
#获取所有的键值对
for k,v in user_info.items():
print k,v
#get:根据key获取值,如果key不存在,可指定一个默认值
val=user_info.get('name')
print val
val = user_info.get('sex')
print val
val = user_info.get('sex','not sucess')
print val
#删除字典
test={
"a1":1,
"a2":2
}
del test["a1"]
print test
#删除字典
test={
"a1":1,
"a2":2
}
del test["a1"]
print test
#update
1.user_info.update({'k5','123'})
2.d['k1']='123'
print user_info
test={
"a1":1,
"a2":2
}
user_info.update(test)
print user_info
print user_info
test={
"a1":1,
"a2":2
}
user_info.update(test)
print user_info
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.range,xrange
#range,xrange
for i in xrange(1,10000):
print i
for i in range(10,0,-1):
print i
#获取列表的索引
li=['ai','bi']
li_len=len(li)
for i in range(0,li_len):
print (i,li[i])
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.startswith和endwith方法:
a.startswith()方法:方法用于检查字符串是否是以指定子字符串开头,如果是则返回 True,否则返回 False。如果参数 beg 和 end 指定值,则在指定范围内检查。
语法:str.startswith(str, beg=0,end=len(string));
例子:
str = "this is string example....wow!!!"; print str.startswith( 'this' );----------------------------true print str.startswith( 'is', 2, 4 );----------------------------true
print str.startswith( 'this', 2, 4 );----------------------------false
b.endswith()方法: 方法用于判断字符串是否以指定后缀结尾,如果以指定后缀结尾返回True,否则返回False。可选参数"start"与"end"为检索字符串的开始与结束位置
语法:str.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]])
例子:
str = "this is string example....wow!!!";
suffix = "wow!!!";
print str.endswith(suffix);-------------------true
print str.endswith(suffix,20);-------------------true
suffix = "is";
print str.endswith(suffix, 2, 4);-------------------true
print str.endswith(suffix, 2, 6);-------------------false
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16.replace()方法
replace()方法把字符串中的 old(旧字符串) 替换成 new(新字符串),如果指定第三个参数max,则替换不超过 max 次
语法:str.replace(old, new[, max])
例子:
str = "this is string example....wow!!! this is really string"; print str.replace("is", "was"); print str.replace("is", "was", 3);
----------------------------
输出:
thwas was string example....wow!!! thwas was really string thwas was string example....wow!!! thwas is really string
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17.strip()方法:
'''该方法用于移除字符串头尾指定的字符(默认为空格或换行符)或字符序列。
注意:该方法只能删除开头或是结尾的字符,不能删除中间部分的字符。'''
str = "0000000000000000000000123aaa00000000000000000"
print str.strip("0")
str2=" runoob "
print str2.strip()
str3="12345678987654321"
print str3.strip("12")
-----------------------------------
123aaa
runoob
3456789876543
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
练习题:
#有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...],将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中,将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
#即: {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}
li=[11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90]
dic={
"k1":[],
"k2":[]
}
for i in li:
if i<=66:
dic["k1"].append(i)
else:
dic["k2"].append(i)
print (dic)
--------------------------------------------------------
'''查找列表中元素,移除每个元素的空格,并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}'''
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' Aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
#######################################
print li
for i in range(len(li)):
li[i]=li[i].replace(" ","")
print li
#######################################
print tu
tu=list(tu)
print tu
for i in range(len(tu)):
tu[i]=tu[i].replace(" ","")
print tu
tu=tuple(tu)
print tu
#######################################
print dic
print len(dic)
for i in dic:
dic[i]=dic[i].replace(" ","")
print dic
########################################
for i in li:
#print i
if (i.startswith("a") or i.startswith("A")) and i.endswith("c"):
print i
########################################
for i in tu:
if (i.startswith("a") or i.startswith("A")) and i.endswith("c"):
print i
#########################################
for i in dic:
#print dic[i]
if (dic[i].startswith("a") or dic[i].startswith("A")) and dic[i].endswith("c"):
print dic[i]
------------------------------------------------
li=["手机","电脑","鼠标","游艇"]
#print str(li).decode("string_escape")
for i,j in enumerate(li):
print i+1,j
num=input("请输入商品编码:")
print num
#print len(li)
if num>0 and num<=len(li):
good = li[num - 1]
print good
else:
print "商品不存在"