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简述理论

虚拟化的实现

模拟技术：模拟计算机的主要硬件硬件并协调工作，但是效率很低下，所以不常用

完全虚拟化：针对cpu的虚拟来分为，基于BT技术(Guset的特权指令在ring1，Host的特权指令在ring0，Guest的特权指令由Host的ring0来参与边翻译边执行)的完全虚拟化，基于HVM(硬件辅助，Guest的特权指令在ring0，Host的特权指令在ring-1，Guest意识不到自己处于虚拟化环境Intel-VT，AMD-V)的完全虚拟化

半虚拟化：Guest的内核知道自己处于虚拟化环境中，自己的特权指令会变成system call来调用Hpervisor执行

Xen

Dom0：能够管理控制VMguest，I/O，驱动，结合qemu来虚拟化磁盘，网卡等I/O设备

DomU：运行在Hpervisor上的各个虚机(VMguest)

Hpervisor：运行在物理机上，管理负责CPU和内存的虚拟化

Hardware：物理机

管理工具：xm/xend,xl(轻量级)，xe/xapi(提供了管理Xen的api用于cloud环境)，virsh(libvirt库)

实验过程

实验目的是利用xen来安装centos虚机

https://wiki.xen.org/wiki/Xen4CentOS

http://xenbits.xen.org/docs/unstable-staging/

在使用xen4centos时，yum源安装的Dom0的linux内核版本在配置设置桥ip时，会内核恐慌崩溃，因而转向参考Xen made easy

[root@centos ~]# yum install http://au1.mirror.crc.id.au/repo/kernel-xen-release-latest.noarch.rpm 自动产生Xen yum源配置文件

[root@centos ~]# yum install xen45 -y 安装Xen Hpervisor和依赖的包

[root@centos ~]# yum install kernel-xen -y 安装Dom0 使用的内核

[root@centos ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title CentOS (4.4.21-1.el6xen.x86_64) 自动添加Dom0内核引导title

root (hd0,0)

kernel /xen.gz dom0_mem=1024M,max:1024M cpuinfo com1=115200,8n1 console=com1,

tty loglvl=all guest_loglvl=all

module /vmlinuz-4.4.21-1.el6xen.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root

rd_NO_LUKS.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_centos/lv_swap rd_NO_MD

SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_centos/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet

module /initramfs-4.4.21-1.el6xen.x86_64.img

title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root

rd_NO_LUKS.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_centos/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16

crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_centos/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb

quiet

initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.img

[root@centos ~]# reboot 选择刚添加grub.conf Dom0的title，此时本机已为Hpervisor+Dom0

[root@centos ~]# xl list

Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)

Domain-0 0 1024 1 r----- 19.8

[root@centos ~]# xl info

host : centos.localdomain

release : 4.4.21-1.el6xen.x86_64

[root@centos ~]# brctl addbr br0 创建桥设备

[root@centos ~]# ifconfig eth0 0

[root@centos ~]# brctl addif br0 eth0

[root@centos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/{ifcfg-eth0,ifcfg-br0} 永久生效

DEVICE=eth0

TYPE=Ethernet 在做实验时桥设备的名字改为了xenbr0，用br0时 VMguest 无法启动

BRIDGE=br0

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=no

DEVICE=br0

IPADDR=192.168.40.128

TYPE=Bridge

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=no

BOOTPROTO=static

在192.168.30.140准备安装操作系统文件相当于PXE+DHCP+KICKSTART无人职守安装

利用system-config-kickstart 工具制作ks文件

[root@centos ~]# cat /ks/ks.cfg

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

#version=DEVEL

# Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Use network installation

url --url= http://192.168.40.130/ 安装源挂载到网站根目录

# Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$.bmjihWZ$ZpJnzWFzzEPsR5.cZgq2..

# System authorization information

auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512

# Use graphical install

graphical

firstboot --disable

# System keyboard

keyboard us

# System language

lang en_US

# SELinux configuration

selinux --enforcing

# Installation logging level

logging --level=info

# System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel 最小化安装

把ks文件放在 /ks目录下，在httpd主配置添加目录别名访问，请测试能否访问，如下

Alias /kss/ "/ks/"

Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

将welcome.conf重命名避免其生效，必须关闭selinux

[root@centos ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/

[root@centos conf.d]# ls

mod_dnssd.conf README welcome.conf.bak

挂在光盘到/var/www/html/下，请测试访问网站根目录是否为光盘内容

配置DHCP服务

subnet 192.168.40.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.40.10 192.168.40.20;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

next-server 192.168.40.130; tftp服务器ip

filename "pxelinux.0"; pxe引导程序文件

}

[root@centos ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

[root@centos ~]# service dhcpd restart

Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]

[root@centos ~]# yum install tftp-server

[root@centos xinetd.d]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

[root@centos xinetd.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@centos xinetd.d]# cd /mnt/

[root@centos mnt]# cp images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/

[root@centos mnt]# cp images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/

[root@centos mnt]# cp isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/

cp: overwrite `/var/lib/tftpboot/initrd.img'? n

cp: overwrite `/var/lib/tftpboot/vmlinuz'? n

[root@centos mnt]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

[root@centos ~]# cp isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[root@centos ~]# chmod +wx /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

label linux

menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system

menu default

kernel vmlinuz ks= "http://192.168.40.130/kss/ks.cfg" 指定ks文件位置

append initrd=initrd.img

[root@centos ~]# grep "disable" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 更改disable项为no

disable= no

[root@centos ~]# service xinetd start 启动xinetd服务

回到192.168.40.128

[root@centos ~]# man xl.cfg

xl.cfg(5) Xen xl.cfg(5)

NAME

xl.cfg - XL Domain Configuration File Syntax 关于VMguest配置文件中各个指令的帮助

[root@centos ~]# cat /etc/xen/xlexample.pvlinux

# =====================================================================

# Example PV Linux guest configuration

# =====================================================================

# This is a fairly minimal example of what is required for a

# Paravirtualised Linux guest. For a more complete guide see xl.cfg(5)

# Guest name

name = "example.pvlinux"

# 128-bit UUID for the domain as a hexadecimal number.

# Use "uuidgen" to generate one if required.

# The default behavior is to generate a new UUID each time the guest is started.

#uuid = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"

# Kernel image to boot

kernel = "/boot/vmlinuz"

# Ramdisk (optional)

#ramdisk = "/boot/initrd.gz"

# Kernel command line options

extra = "root=/dev/xvda1"

# Initial memory allocation (MB)

memory = 128

# Maximum memory (MB)

# If this is greater than `memory' then the slack will start ballooned

# (this assumes guest kernel support for ballooning)

#maxmem = 512

# Number of VCPUS

vcpus = 2

# Network devices

# A list of 'vifspec' entries as described in

# docs/misc/xl-network-configuration.markdown

vif = [ '' ]

# Disk Devices

# A list of `diskspec' entries as described in

# docs/misc/xl-disk-configuration.txt

disk = [ '/dev/vg/guest-volume,raw,xvda,rw' ]

[root@centos xen]# cp xlexample.pvlinux centos

[root@centos xen]# mkdir -p /images/xen

[root@centos xen]# qemu-img create -o size=100G /images/xen/centos.img 创建VMguest磁盘文件

Formatting '/images/xen/centos.img', fmt=raw size=107374182400

[root@centos xen]# mkdir /images/kernel

[root@centos xen]# cd /mnt/

[root@centos mnt]# cd isolinux/

[root@centos isolinux]# cp vmlinuz initrd.img /images/kernel/

[root@centos xen]# grep -v "^#" centos | grep -v "^$"

name = "centos6.6"

kernel = "/images/kernel/vmlinuz" 临时内核引导

ramdisk = "/images/kernel/initrd.img"

extra = "ks=http://192.168.40.130/kss/ks.cfg" 指定ks文件位置

memory = 512

vcpus = 2

vif = [ 'xenbr0' ]

disk = [ '/images/xen/centos.img,raw,xvda,rw' ]

on_boot="shutdown"

[root@centos xen]# xl create centos -c 根据VMguest的配置文件启动VM并连接登录

Parsing config from centos

[root@centos xen]# xl list

Name ID Mem VCPUsStateTime(s)

Domain-0 0 1022 1 r----- 54.4

centos6.6 5 512 2 -b---- 10.7

安装完成后更改centos配置文件注释掉kernel，initrd，指明disk文件，extra为空，

加bootloader=pygrub即可，笔记本做实验很吃力，无法验证结果了,,,,

总结

Xen支持PV(front-backend I/O分段虚拟化)和HVM的虚拟化，VMguest磁盘也可以是Dom0的物理分区，内核也可以使用Dom0的内核，实验关于VMguest的管理管理命令xl，网卡vif，磁盘disk的配置参数涉及的比较少，需要多xl help ，参考相关文档来进一步熟悉记忆，在Xen虚拟化平台上安装操作系统也可以使用virt-manager 图形化来管理配置VMguest.

原创文章，作者：Snoo，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/48079