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At the top of the electron microscope is the electron gun. 

As we've discussed it has a filament and

then what's often called the Wehnelt cylinder. 

And then an accelerator stack to accelerate the electrons as they come out 

and head down the column. 

And this is called the electron gun. 

Next we have the first lens system, which is called the condenser lens system. 

Complete with a set of deflectors and lenses, usually there's two called C1 and 

C2, stigmators and an aperture. 

The purpose of the condenser lens is to take the electrons coming out of the gun 

and focus and direct them onto the sample. 

So here I've drawn the sample coming in on what this looks like a spatula.

Here's the sample. 

And a sample resides within the next lens system which is the objective lens system. 

And the objective lens system has a pair of deflectors, the lens, 

here the objective lens, stigmators, and an aperture. 

The objective lens system produces a magnified image of the sample. 

And that magnified image is further magnified 

by the third lens system which is called the projector lens system. 

It, again, has deflectors and then, usually, a number of lenses. 

Here, I've drawn three. 

The first two are often called intermediate lenses, and 

the last one would be called the projector lens. 

And it has a stigmator and again, an aperture. 

Finally, the magnified image is sent through a final pair of deflectors 

onto some kind of detector. 

May, it may be a viewing screen or a piece of film or a camera or whatnot. 

And the idea of having so 

many lenses is that the electron microscope is a compound microscope. 

Meaning that, given an object, the first lens might mag, produce, 

a first real image of that object at perhaps a hundred times magnification.

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And then the next lens system takes the first real image and 

further magnifies it into a second real image. 

And if the intermediate lens has a magnification factor of say, 20, 

the second real image is now magnified by a factor of 2,000. 

Then another lens system, the projector lens system, 

can take that second real image and produce a third or final real image. 

And if the projector lens system also has a magnification factor of a hundred, 

then you can get final images with magnifications in the hundreds of 

thousands. 

In fact, most, 

electron microscopes can deliver images at one to five million times magnification. 

Now the planes upon which these images exist here, 

here, here, and

here where the original object is are called conjugate planes. 

Because the same wave function exists here, here, and 

also here, and it is an image of the object that exists here. 

Except that in each case it's magnified to a different factor. 

And we call those planes conjugate. 

Now returning to the full schematic of the column we see that each lens system 

has each of the four elements of deflectors, 

a lens, a stigmator, and an aperture. 

In the case of the condenser lens system, 

the deflectors are called gun deflectors, because their job is to take 

whatever electrons are coming out of the electron gun and shift them. 

And change their angle so 

that they will come straight down the optical axis of the two condenser lenses.

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And the stigmator is called the condenser stigmator and 

the aperture is called the condenser aperture. 

In the objective lens system, the deflectors are called beam deflectors, 

Because they're deflecting the beam that is being directed onto the sample.

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And then you have the objective lens, the objective stigmator, and 

objective aperture. 

In the projector lens system, the deflectors are called image deflectors, 

because they receive the first image that's formed by the objective lens 

system, and they move that image so that it passes directly 

down the center of the optical axis of the intermediate lenses.

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The stigmator it, for 

reasons that we won't cover, is called the defraction stigmator. 

And the aperture here is called the selected area aperture. 

Finally, the last set of deflectors are called projector deflectors, 

and they deflect the image onto whichever detector that you are using at the time, 

for instance, a viewing screen. 

These are the names of the knobs, and the currents that you can control. 

Here I've added the names of the parameters in the knobs 

that you get to change on the electron microscope.