linux 验证 光盘 iso,Linux命令行刻录光盘、光盘转ISO文件、校验光盘

准备工作

需要准备以下环境：

- Linux(本文以Fedora25为例)

- CD/DVD刻录机

- DVD-R刻录光盘或DVD-RW可擦写光盘一张

- 刻录软件cdrecord(推荐刻录CD)

- 刻录软件growisofs(推荐刻录DVD)

使用cdrecord

刻录软件cdrecord即wodim，它常被用来刻录CD光盘，当然也可以刻录DVD光盘。

安装软件

[root@dhcp-14-171 ~]# yum install -y cdrecord

刻录光盘

验证光盘(仅可擦写光盘)

如果光盘有内容，最好先确认一下。

擦除数据(仅可擦写光盘)

[root@dhcp-14-171 ~]# umount /dev/cdrom

[root@dhcp-14-171 ~]# cdrecord --dev=/dev/cdrom --blank=fast

Device type : Removable CD-ROM

Version : 5

Response Format: 2

Capabilities :

Vendor_info : 'PLDS '

Identification : 'DVD-RW DH16AFSH '

Revision : 'DL31'

Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.

Using generic SCSI-3/mmc DVD-R(W) driver (mmc_mdvd).

Driver flags : SWABAUDIO BURNFREE

Supported modes: PACKET SAO

Speed set to 2770 KB/s

Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 2.0 in real BLANK mode for single session.

Last chance to quit, starting real write in 0 seconds. Operation starts.

[root@dhcp-14-171 ~]#

刻录光盘

将镜像文件RHEL5.11-Server-20140827.0-x86_64-DVD.iso刻录到光盘：

[root@dhcp-14-171 ~]# cdrecord -v -eject dev=/dev/cdrom /home/cheshi/Downloads/RHEL5.11-Server-20140827.0-x86_64-DVD.iso

wodim: No write mode specified.

wodim: Assuming -tao mode.

wodim: Future versions of wodim may have different drive dependent defaults.

TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM

scsidev: '/dev/cdrom'

devname: '/dev/cdrom'

scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2

Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27

Wodim version: 1.1.11

SCSI buffer size: 64512

Device type : Removable CD-ROM

Version : 5

Response Format: 2

Capabilities :

Vendor_info : 'PLDS '

Identification : 'DVD-RW DH16AFSH '

Revision : 'DL31'

Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.

Current: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording)

Profile: 0x002B (DVD+R/DL)

Profile: 0x001B (DVD+R)

Profile: 0x001A (DVD+RW)

Profile: 0x0016 (DVD-R/DL layer jump recording)

Profile: 0x0015 (DVD-R/DL sequential recording)

Profile: 0x0014 (DVD-RW sequential recording)

Profile: 0x0013 (DVD-RW restricted overwrite)

Profile: 0x0012 (DVD-RAM)

Profile: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording) (current)

Profile: 0x0010 (DVD-ROM)

Profile: 0x000A (CD-RW)

Profile: 0x0009 (CD-R)

Profile: 0x0008 (CD-ROM)

Profile: 0x0002 (Removable disk)

Using generic SCSI-3/mmc DVD-R(W) driver (mmc_mdvd).

Driver flags : SWABAUDIO BURNFREE

Supported modes: PACKET SAO

Drive buf size : 262144 = 256 KB

Beginning DMA speed test. Set CDR_NODMATEST environment variable if device

communication breaks or freezes immediately after that.

FIFO size : 4194304 = 4096 KB

Track 01: data 4239 MB

Total size: 4868 MB (482:19.52) = 2170464 sectors

Lout start: 4868 MB (482:21/39) = 2170464 sectors

Current Secsize: 2048

HINT: use dvd+rw-mediainfo from dvd+rw-tools for information extraction.

Blocks total: 2298496 Blocks current: 2298496 Blocks remaining: 128032

Speed set to 22160 KB/s

Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 17.0 in real unknown mode for single session.

Last chance to quit, starting real write in 0 seconds. Operation starts.

Waiting for reader process to fill input buffer ... input buffer ready.

Performing OPC...

Starting new track at sector: 0

Track 01: 4239 of 4239 MB written (fifo 100%) [buf 95%] 8.4x.

Track 01: Total bytes read/written: 4445110272/4445110272 (2170464 sectors).

Writing time: 477.486s

Average write speed 7.0x.

Min drive buffer fill was 93%

Fixating...

Fixating time: 9.140s

wodim: fifo had 70015 puts and 70015 gets.

wodim: fifo was 0 times empty and 21105 times full, min fill was 90%.

[root@dhcp-14-171 ~]#

使用growisofs

刻录软件growisofs更加专注于刻录DVD光盘，它对DVD的支持比wodim更加出色。

安装软件

[root@dhcp-1-202 nfs_path]# dnf search growisofs

[root@dhcp-1-202 nfs_path]# dnf install cdw.x86_64

刻录光盘

[root@dhcp-1-202 nfs_path]# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/sr0=/root/Win10_1511_Chinese\(Simplified\)_x64.iso

Executing 'builtin_dd if=/root/Win10_1511_Chinese(Simplified)_x64.iso of=/dev/sr0 obs=32k seek=0'

/dev/sr0: "Current Write Speed" is 16.4x1352KBps.

294912/4187224064 ( 0.0%) @0.0x, remaining 946:28 RBU 100.0% UBU 0.0%

20676608/4187224064 ( 0.5%) @4.4x, remaining 23:30 RBU 100.0% UBU 98.4%

......

4157276160/4187224064 (99.3%) @15.4x, remaining 0:02 RBU 100.0% UBU 94.5%

builtin_dd: 2044544*2KB out @ average 10.6x1352KBps

/dev/sr0: flushing cache

/dev/sr0: updating RMA

/dev/sr0: closing disc

/dev/sr0: reloading tray

[root@dhcp-1-202 nfs_path]#

光盘转ISO文件

在Linux下，光盘转ISO文件非常简单，只需要使用系统自带的dd命令即可完成。

[root@dhcp-14-171 ~]# dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/root/temp.iso

8681856+0 records in

8681856+0 records out

4445110272 bytes (4.4 GB, 4.1 GiB) copied, 299.322 s, 14.9 MB/s

注意：如果刻录光盘时没有添加-eject参数，那么刻录完成后光盘将不会自动弹出。如果光盘没有被重新插入，那么dd命令可能无法正确工作，这时并不能说明是光盘有问题。所以，建议大家在进行后续操作之前，一定要推出并重新插入光盘。

校验光盘

我们可以使用md5sum等工具对新生成的ISO文件进行比对。

[root@dhcp-14-171 ~]# md5sum /root/temp.iso /home/cheshi/Downloads/RHEL5.11-Server-20140827.0-x86_64-DVD.iso

5f83a3849aa0aaeacdf6430e54ddb1da /root/temp.iso

5f83a3849aa0aaeacdf6430e54ddb1da /home/cheshi/Downloads/RHEL5.11-Server-20140827.0-x86_64-DVD.iso

总结

对于刻录光盘的总结：

1. RedHat Linux下可以通过cdrecord和growisofs命令刻录光盘，刻录完成后最好推出并重新插入光盘。

2. 使用dd和md5sum命令可以校验光盘。

3. 刻录CD光盘推荐使用cdrecord，刻录DVD光盘推荐使用growisofs。