套接字(socket)是通信的基石,是支持TCP/IP协议的网络通信的基本操作单元。
它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示,包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息:连接使用的协议,
本地主机的IP地址,本地进程的协议端口,远地主机的IP地址,远地进程的协议端口。
套接字之间的连接过程分为三个步骤:服务器监听,客户端请求,连接确认。
1.HTTP请求格式:
<request line>
<headers>
<blank line>
[<request-body>]
2.了解Socket,TCP,HTTP,直接的关系
HTTP协议(Hypertext Transfer Protocol ),是Web联网的基础,也是手机联网常用的协议之一,HTTP协议是建立在TCP协议之上的一种应用。
创建Socket连接时,可以指定使用的传输层协议,Socket可以支持不同的传输层协议(TCP或UDP),当使用TCP协议进行连接时,该Socket连接就是一个TCP连接。
.NetFrameWork为Socket通讯提供了System.Net.Socket命名空间,在这个命名空间里面有以下几个常用的重要类分别是:
·Socket类这个低层的类用于管理连接,WebRequest,TcpClient和UdpClient在内部使用这个类。
·NetworkStream类这个类是从Stream派生出来的,它表示来自网络的数据流
·TcpClient类允许创建和使用TCP连接
·TcpListener类允许监听传入的TCP连接请求
·UdpClient类用于UDP客户创建连接(UDP是另外一种TCP协议,但没有得到广泛的使用,主要用于本地网络)
IPAddress类 提供网际协议 (IP) 地址。
IPEndPoint 继承 EndPoint 将网络端点表示为 IP 地址和端口号。
简单的Http请求服务处理类
class MyWebServer
{
private readonly int port = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[ " port " ].ToString());
private readonly string host = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[ " host " ];
private readonly string sMyWebServerRoot = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[ " dir " ];
private TcpListener tcplistener = null ;
public MyWebServer()
{
try
{
/// 创建终结点(EndPoint)
IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host); // 把ip地址字符串转换为IPAddress类型的实例
// TcpListener类对象,监听端口
tcplistener = new TcpListener(ip, port);
tcplistener.Start();
Console.WriteLine( " Web Server Running... Press ^C to Stop... " );
// 同时启动一个兼听进程 ''StartListen''
Thread th = new Thread( new ThreadStart(StartListen));
th.Start();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine( " 监听端口时发生错误 : " + e.ToString());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置请求的标头
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sHttpVersion"></param>
/// <param name="sMIMEHeader"></param>
/// <param name="iTotBytes"></param>
/// <param name="sStatusCode"></param>
/// <param name="mySocket"></param>
public void SendHeader( string sHttpVersion, string sMIMEHeader, int iTotBytes, string sStatusCode, ref Socket mySocket)
{
String sBuffer = "" ;
if (sMIMEHeader.Length == 0 )
{
sMIMEHeader = " text/html " ; // 默认 text/html
}
sBuffer = sBuffer + sHttpVersion + sStatusCode + " \r\n " ;
sBuffer = sBuffer + " Server: cx1193719-b\r\n " ;
sBuffer = sBuffer + " Content-Type: " + sMIMEHeader + " \r\n " ;
sBuffer = sBuffer + " Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n " ;
sBuffer = sBuffer + " Content-Length: " + iTotBytes + " \r\n\r\n " ;
Byte[] bSendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sBuffer);
SendToBrowser(bSendData, ref mySocket);
Console.WriteLine( " Total Bytes : " + iTotBytes.ToString());
}
public void SendToBrowser(String sData, ref Socket mySocket)
{
SendToBrowser(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sData), ref mySocket);
}
/// <summary>
/// 负责向客户端发起数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bSendData"> 字节数组 </param>
/// <param name="mySocket"> Soket对象! </param>
public void SendToBrowser(Byte[] bSendData, ref Socket mySocket)
{
int numBytes = 0 ;
try
{
if (mySocket.Connected)
{
if ((numBytes = mySocket.Send(bSendData, bSendData.Length, 0 )) == - 1 )
Console.WriteLine( " Socket Error cannot Send Packet " );
else
{
Console.WriteLine( " No. of bytes send {0} " , numBytes);
}
}
else
Console.WriteLine( " 连接失败.... " );
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine( " 发生错误 : {0} " , e);
}
}
public static void Main()
{
MyWebServer MWS = new MyWebServer();
}
public void StartListen()
{
int iStartPos = 0 ;
String sRequest;
String sDirName;
String sRequestedFile;
String sErrorMessage;
String sLocalDir;
String sPhysicalFilePath = "" ;
String sFormattedMessage = "" ;
String sResponse = "" ;
// 进入监听循环
while ( true )
{
// 接受新连接
Socket mySocket = tcplistener.AcceptSocket();
Console.WriteLine( " Socket Type " + mySocket.SocketType);
if (mySocket.Connected)
{
Console.WriteLine( " \nClient Connected!!\n==================\nCLient IP {0}\n " , mySocket.RemoteEndPoint);
// 将请求转化成字节数组!
// 为读取数据而准备缓存
Byte[] bReceive = new Byte[ 1024 ];
int i = mySocket.Receive(bReceive, bReceive.Length, 0 );
// 转换成字符串类型
string sBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bReceive);
Console.WriteLine(sBuffer);
// 只处理"get"请求类型
if (sBuffer.Substring( 0 , 3 ) != " GET " )
{
Console.WriteLine( " 只处理get请求类型.. " );
mySocket.Close();
return ;
}
// 查找 "HTTP" 的位置
iStartPos = sBuffer.IndexOf( " HTTP " , 1 );
string sHttpVersion = sBuffer.Substring(iStartPos, 8 );
// 得到请求类型和文件目录文件名
sRequest = sBuffer.Substring( 0 , iStartPos - 1 );
sRequest.Replace( " \\ " , " / " );
// 如果结尾不是文件名也不是以"/"结尾则加"/"
if ((sRequest.IndexOf( " . " ) < 1 ) && ( ! sRequest.EndsWith( " / " )))
{
sRequest = sRequest + " / " ;
}
// 得带请求文件名
iStartPos = sRequest.LastIndexOf( " / " ) + 1 ;
sRequestedFile = sRequest.Substring(iStartPos);
// 得到请求文件目录
sDirName = sRequest.Substring(sRequest.IndexOf( " / " ), sRequest.LastIndexOf( " / " ) - 3 );
// 获取虚拟目录物理路径
sLocalDir = sMyWebServerRoot;
Console.WriteLine( " 请求文件目录 : " + sLocalDir);
if (sLocalDir.Length == 0 )
{
sErrorMessage = " <H2>Error!! Requested Directory does not exists</H2><Br> " ;
SendHeader(sHttpVersion, "" , sErrorMessage.Length, " 404 Not Found " , ref mySocket);
SendToBrowser(sErrorMessage, ref mySocket);
mySocket.Close();
continue ;
}
if (sRequestedFile.Length == 0 )
{
// 取得请求文件名
sRequestedFile = " index.html " ;
}
/
// 取得请求文件类型(设定为text/html)
/
String sMimeType = " text/html " ;
sPhysicalFilePath = sLocalDir + sRequestedFile;
Console.WriteLine( " 请求文件: " + sPhysicalFilePath);
if (File.Exists(sPhysicalFilePath) == false )
{
sErrorMessage = " <H2>404 Error! File Does Not Exists...</H2> " ;
SendHeader(sHttpVersion, "" , sErrorMessage.Length, " 404 Not Found " , ref mySocket);
SendToBrowser(sErrorMessage, ref mySocket);
Console.WriteLine(sFormattedMessage);
}
else
{
int iTotBytes = 0 ;
sResponse = "" ;
FileStream fs = new FileStream(sPhysicalFilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(fs);
byte [] bytes = new byte [fs.Length];
int read;
while ((read = reader.Read(bytes, 0 , bytes.Length)) != 0 )
{
sResponse = sResponse + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0 , read);
iTotBytes = iTotBytes + read;
}
reader.Close();
fs.Close();
SendHeader(sHttpVersion, sMimeType, iTotBytes, " 200 OK " , ref mySocket);
SendToBrowser(bytes, ref mySocket);
// mySocket.Send(bytes, bytes.Length,0);
}
mySocket.Close();
}
}
}
}
服务端配置文件
< configuration >
< appSettings >
< add key ="port" value ="1280" />
<!-- IP地址 -->
< add key ="host" value ="127.0.0.1" />
<!-- 设定你自己的虚拟目录 -->
< add key ="dir" value ="E:\\MyWebServerRoot\\" />
</ appSettings >
</ configuration >
客户端请求类
{
int port = 1280 ;
string host = " 127.0.0.1 " ;
IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host);
// string hotByname = "www.baidu.com";
// IPHostEntry gist = Dns.GetHostByName(hotByname);
// IPAddress ip = gist.AddressList[0];
/**/
/// 创建终结点EndPoint
// IPAddress ipp = new IPAddress("127.0.0.1");
IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ip, port); // 把ip和端口转化为IPEndpoint实例
/**/
/// 创建socket并连接到服务器
Socket c = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); // 创建Socket
Console.WriteLine( " Conneting… " );
c.Connect(ipe); // 连接到服务器
/// 向服务器发送信息
// {GET /index.php HTTP/1.0Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
buf.Append( " GET " ).Append( " /index.php " ).Append( " HTTP/1.0\r\n " );
buf.Append( " Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n " );
buf.Append( " \r\n " );
byte [] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(buf.ToString()); // 把字符串编码为字节
Console.WriteLine( " Send Message " );
c.Send(bs); // 发送信息
/**/
/// 接受从服务器返回的信息
string recvStr = "" ;
byte [] recvBytes = new byte [ 1024 ];
int bytes;
do
{
bytes = c.Receive(recvBytes, recvBytes.Length, 0 ); // 从服务器端接受返回信息
recvStr += Encoding.Default.GetString(recvBytes, 0 , bytes);
Console.WriteLine( " client get message:{0} " , recvStr); // 显示服务器返回信息
} while (bytes != 0 );
/**/
/// 一定记着用完socket后要关闭
c.Close();
Console.ReadLine();
以上有一个问题注意:
GET /xxx.xxx HTTP/1.1
Host: xxx
Connection: Close //没有关闭请求!
只有加入这最后一行,对方发送完数据才会关闭连接,只有对方关闭连接,我们这边才能recv到一个0,
从而根据recv返回的0判断接收数据完毕,然后我们就可以退出拼接数据包的循环。