在上一篇中,我们采用发送消息到队列,然后队里把信息发送到消费者,其实实际情况并非如此,rabbitMQ其实真正的丝线格式生产者不发送任何消息到队列,甚至不知道消息将发送到哪个队列。相反,生产值发送信息到交换机,交换机接收到生产者的信息,然后按照规则把它推送到队列中。
一、发布/订阅
在上一篇中,队列都指定了名称,但是我们现在不需要这么做,我们需要所有的日志信息,而不知是其中的一个。如果要做这样的队列,我们需要2件事,一个就是获取一个新的空的队列,这样我就需要创建一个随机名称的队列,最好让服务器帮我们做出选择,第一个就是我们断开用户的队列,应该自动进行删除。
信息发送端代码
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class EmitLog { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs"; public static void main(String []args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //fanout 表示分发,所有的消费者得到同样的队列信息 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout"); //分发信息 for(int i = 0;i<5;i++){ String message = "hello world " + i; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"",null,message.getBytes()); System.out.println("EmitLog Send :" + message); } channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
消费者代码
import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class ReceiveLogs1 { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout"); //产生一个随机的队列名称 String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue(); //对队列进行绑定 channel.queueBind(queueName,EXCHANGE_NAME,""); System.out.println("ReceiveLogs1 等待接受消息"); Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String message = new String(body,"UTF-8"); System.out.println("ReceiveLogs1 接受到消息:" + message); } }; //队列会自动删除 channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,consumer); } }
上面完成了一个发布/订阅模式的消息队列
二、Routing
上面我们采用了广播的模式进行消息的发送,现在我们采用路由的方式对不同的消息进行过滤。
新建发送端,定义三个路由 info、warning、error
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class RoutingSendDirect { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs"; // 路由关键字 private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"info", "warning", "error"}; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");//注意是direct //发送信息 for (String routingKey : routingKeys) { String message = "RoutingSendDirect Send the message level : " + routingKey; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey, null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("RoutingSendDirect Send :" + routingKey + "':'" + message); } channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
新建消费者1 用于接受info、warning
import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class ReceiveLogsDirect1 { // 交换器名称 private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs"; // 路由关键字 private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"info" ,"warning"}; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明交换器 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct"); //获取匿名队列名称 String queueName=channel.queueDeclare().getQueue(); //根据路由关键字进行绑定 for (String routingKey:routingKeys){ channel.queueBind(queueName,EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey); System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+"," + " queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + routingKey); } System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 Waiting for messages"); Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'"); } }; channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); } }
新建消费者2 用于接受error
import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; public class ReceiveLogsDirect2 { // 交换器名称 private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs"; // 路由关键字 private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"error"}; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明交换器 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct"); //获取匿名队列名称 String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue(); //根据路由关键字进行多重绑定 for (String severity : routingKeys) { channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity); System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + severity); } System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 Waiting for messages"); Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'"); } }; channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); } }
三、Topics
这种应该属于模糊匹配
*:可以替代一个词
#:可以替代0或者更多的词
发送端:
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class TopicSend { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { Connection connection = null; Channel channel = null; try { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); connection = factory.newConnection(); channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明一个匹配模式的交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic"); //待发送的消息 String[] routingKeys = new String[]{ "quick.orange.rabbit", "lazy.orange.elephant", "quick.orange.fox", "lazy.brown.fox", "quick.brown.fox", "quick.orange.male.rabbit", "lazy.orange.male.rabbit" }; //发送消息 for (String severity : routingKeys) { String message = "From " + severity + " routingKey' s message!"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, severity, null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("TopicSend Sent '" + severity + "':'" + message + "'"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); if (connection != null) { channel.close(); connection.close(); } } finally { if (connection != null) { channel.close(); connection.close(); } } } }
消费者1 匹配*.orange.*的
import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class ReceiveLogsTopic1 { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明一个匹配模式的交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic"); String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue(); //路由关键字 String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.orange.*"}; //绑定路由 for (String routingKey : routingKeys) { channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey); System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 exchange:" + EXCHANGE_NAME + ", queue:" + queueName + ", BindRoutingKey:" + routingKey); } System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 Waiting for messages"); Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'"); } }; channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); } }
消费者2 匹配*.*.rabit的 和lazy.# lazy开头的
import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class ReceiveLogsTopic2 { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws IOException, TimeoutException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明一个匹配模式的交换器 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic"); String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue(); // 路由关键字 String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.*.rabbit", "lazy.#"}; // 绑定路由关键字 for (String bindingKey : routingKeys) { channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey); System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + bindingKey); } System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 Waiting for messages"); Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'"); } }; channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); } }