oracle 密码目录文件,【学习笔记】深入理解密码文件与V$PWFILE_USERS视图相互之间关联影响...

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分享一篇Oracle数据库密码文件与v$pwdfile_users视图关系影响，介绍如何使用orapwd创建密码文件的案例

一、V$PWFILE_USERS视图定义

V$PWFILE_USERS lists all users in the password file, and indicates whether the user has been granted the SYSDBA, SYSOPER, and SYSASM privileges.

Column DatatypeDescription

USERNAM VARCHAR2(30)Name of the user that is contained in the password file

SYSDBA VARCHAR2(5)Indicates whether the user can connect with SYSDBA privileges (TRUE) or not (FALSE)

SYSOPER VARCHAR2(5)Indicates whether the user can connect with SYSOPER privileges (TRUE) or not (FALSE)

SYSASM VARCHAR2(5)Indicates whether the user can connect with SYSASM privileges (TRUE) or not (FALSE)

二、v$pwfile_users与密码文件关系

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Dec 4 19:08:06 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,

Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

--查看密码文件用户权限

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS

------------------------------ ----- ----- -----

SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE

SQL> show parameter instance_name;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------

instance_name string ora11g

--查看系统级别查看密码文件内容

SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

]\[Z

ORACLE Remote Password file

INTERNAL

A1174901D667F113

18698BFD1A045BCC

--创建新sysdba用户，查看视图和密码文件变化

SQL> create user xff01 identified by xifenfei;

User created.

SQL> grant sysdba to xff01;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS

------------------------------ ----- ----- -----

SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE

XFF01 TRUE FALSE FALSE

SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

]\[Z

ORACLE Remote Password file

INTERNAL

A1174901D667F113

18698BFD1A045BCC

XFF01

D32693095588EF4F

--删除密码文件

SQL> ! mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g_bak

SQL> !ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

ls: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g: 没有那个文件或目录

--查看视图

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

no rows selected

SQL> ! mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g_bak $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

SQL> !ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS

------------------------------ ----- ----- -----

SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE

XFF01 TRUE FALSE FALSE

--改变sysdba用户权限，视图内容变化

SQL> grant sysoper to xff01;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS

------------------------------ ----- ----- -----

SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE

XFF01 TRUE TRUE FALSE

--密码文件内容无变化

SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

]\[Z

ORACLE Remote Password file

INTERNAL

A1174901D667F113

18698BFD1A045BCC

XFF01

D32693095588EF4F

SQL> revoke sysdba from xff01;

Revoke succeeded.

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS

------------------------------ ----- ----- -----

SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE

XFF01 FALSE TRUE FALSE

SQL> revoke sysoper from xff01;

Revoke succeeded.

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS

------------------------------ ----- ----- -----

SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE

XFF01 FALSE FALSE FALSE

SQL> revoke sysoper from xff01;

Revoke succeeded.

--回收sysdba，sysoper权限后，视图记录消失

SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS

------------------------------ ----- ----- -----

SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE

--密码文件内容无变化

SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

]\[Z

ORACLE Remote Password file

INTERNAL

A1174901D667F113

18698BFD1A045BCC

XFF01

D32693095588EF4F

--删除其中sysdba用户

SQL> drop user xff01;

User dropped.

--密码文件内容还是无变化

SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

]\[Z

ORACLE Remote Password file

INTERNAL

A1174901D667F113

18698BFD1A045BCC

XFF01

D32693095588EF4F

--重启数据库密码文件依然无变化

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> !strings $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora11g

]\[Z

ORACLE Remote Password file

INTERNAL

A1174901D667F113

18698BFD1A045BCC

XFF01

D32693095588EF4F

1、如果密码文件不存在或者名称错误，查询v$pwfile_users将得到空记录

2、添加sysdba等权限用户，会记录到密码文件和v$pwfile_users中

3、到回收sysdba等权限用户，密码文件记录依然存在，但是v$pwfile_users中无对应记录

三、远程登录测试

--密码文件记录存在，视图不记录不存在，登录失败

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus xff01/xifenfei@ora11g as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Dec 4 19:42:26 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Enter user-name

--密码文件视图记录均存在，登录成功

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@ora11g as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Dec 4 19:42:10 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

是否能远程登录，依照v$pwfile_users为准

四、创建密码文件

win：

orapwd file=%ORACLE_HOME%\database\PWD%ORACLE_SID%.ora entries=3 password=manager force=y

linux:

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID entries=3 password=manager force=y

--------------------------------------ORACLE-DBA----------------------------------------

最权威、专业的Oracle案例资源汇总之【学习笔记】深入理解密码文件与V$PWFILE_USERS视图相互之间关联影响