| Metacharacter | Function | Example | What It Matches |
|---|---|---|---|
| ^ | Beginning-of-line anchor | /^love/ | Matches all lines beginning with love. |
| $ | End-of-line anchor | /love$/ | Matches all lines ending with love. |
| . | Matches one character | /l..e/ | Matches lines containing an l, followed by two characters, followed by an e. |
| * | Matches zero or more of the preceding characters | / *love/ | Match lines with zero or more spaces, followed by the pattern love. |
| [ ] | Matches one in the set | /[Ll]ove/ | Matches lines containing love or Love. |
| [x–y] | Matches one character within a range in the set | /[A–Z]ove/ | Matches letters from A through Z followed by ove. |
| [^ ] | Matches one character not in the set | /[^A–Z]/ | Matches any character not in the range between A and Z. |
| \ | Used to escape a metacharacter | /love\./ | Matches lines containing love, followed by a literal period. Normally the period matches one of any character. |
| Additional metacharacters are supported by many UNIX programs that use RE metacharacters: | |||
| \< | Beginning-of-word anchor | /\<love/ | Matches lines containing a word that begins with love (supported by vi and grep). |
| \> | End-of-word anchor | /love\>/ | Matches lines containing a word that ends with love (supported by vi and grep). |
| \(..\) | Tags match characters to be used later | /\(love\)able \1er/ | May use up to nine tags, starting with the first tag at the left-most part of the pattern. For example, the pattern love is saved as tag 1, to be referenced later as \1; in this example, the search pattern consists of lovable followed by lover (supported by sed, vi, and grep). |
| x{m\}or x{m,\}or x{m,n\} | Repetition of character x, m times, at least m times, at least m and not more than n times[a] | o{5,10\} | Matches if line contains between 5 and 10 consecutive occurrences of the letter o (supported by vi and grep). |
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/shuzui1985/archive/2013/04/12/3020890.html
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