0.ansible
命令参数详解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible Usage: ansible <host-pattern> [options] Options: -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS 模块的参数,如果执行默认COMMAND的模块,即是命令参数,如:“date”,"pwd"等等 module arguments 模块参数 -k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password 登录密码,提示输入SSH密码而不是假设基于密钥的验证 --ask-su-pass ask for su password su切换密码 -K, --ask-sudo-pass ask for sudo password 提示密码使用sudo,sudo表示提权操作 --ask-vault-pass ask for vault password -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS 后台运行超时时间 run asynchronously, failing after X seconds (default=N/A) -C, --check don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some 只是测试一下会改变什么内容,不会真正去执行;相反,试图预测一些可能发生的变化 of the changes that may occur -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION 连接类型使用。可能的选项是paramiko(SSH),SSH和地方。当地主要是用于crontab或启动。 connection type to use (default=smart) -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS 并行任务数。NUM被指定为一个整数,默认是5 specify number of parallel processes to use (default=5) -h, --help show this help message and exit 打开帮助文档API -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY 指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts specify inventory host file (default=/etc/ansible/hosts) -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET 进一步限制所选主机/组模式 --limit=192.168.91.135 只对这个ip执行 further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern --list-hosts outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute anything else -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME 执行模块的名字,默认使用 command 模块,所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数 module name to execute (default=command) -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH 要执行的模块的路径,默认为/usr/share/ansible/ specify path(s) to module library (default=/usr/share/ansible/) -o, --one-line condense output 压缩输出,摘要输出.尝试一切都在一行上输出。 -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL 调查背景工作每隔数秒。需要- b set the poll interval if using -B (default=15) --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE 私钥路径,使用这个文件来验证连接 use this file to authenticate the connection -S, --su run operations with su 用 su 命令 -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER 指定SU的用户,默认是root用户 run operations with su as this user (default=root) -s, --sudo run operations with sudo (nopasswd) -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER sudo到哪个用户,默认为 root desired sudo user (default=root) -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT 指定SSH默认超时时间, 默认是10S override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10) -t TREE, --tree=TREE log output to this directory 将日志内容保存在该输出目录,结果保存在一个文件中在每台主机上。 -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER 远程用户, 默认是root用户 connect as this user (default=root) --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE vault password file -v, --verbose verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable 详细信息 connection debugging) --version show program's version number and exit 输出ansible的版本
特殊说明:
1. ansible是指令核心部分,其主要用于执行ad-hoc(点对点)命令,即单条命令。默认后面需要跟主机和选项部分,默认不指定模块时,使用的是command模块。
2. 默认使用的模块是可以在ansible.cfg 中进行修改的。 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
举例:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.91.137 -a 'pwd'
192.168.91.137 | success | rc=0 >>
/root
1.ansible-doc
参数详解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-doc -h Usage: ansible-doc [options] [module...] Show Ansible module documentation 显示Ansible模块文档 Options: --version show program's version number and exit 显示ansible-doc的版本号 -h, --help show this help message and exit 显示命令参数API文档 -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH 查询模块,--module-path=MODULE_PATH 指定模块的路径 Ansible modules/ directory -l, --list List available modules 显示已存在的所有模块列表 -s, --snippet Show playbook snippet for specified module(s) 显示playbook制定模块的用法 -v Show version number and exit 显示ansible-doc的版本号
举例:
$ ansible-doc -l
$ ansible-doc -s command
2.ansible-galaxy
参数详解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-galaxy -h Usage: ansible-galaxy [init|info|install|list|remove] [--help] [options] ... Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit See 'ansible-galaxy <command> --help' for more information on a specific command.
特殊说明:
ansible-galaxy 指令用于方便的从https://galaxy.ansible.com/ 站点下载第三方扩展模块,我们可以形象的理解其类似于centos下的yum、python下的pip或easy_install
举例:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-galaxy install aeriscloud.docker
- downloading role 'docker', owned by aeriscloud
- downloading role from https://github.com/AerisCloud/ansible-docker/archive/v1.0.0.tar.gz
- extracting aeriscloud.docker to /etc/ansible/roles/aeriscloud.docker
- aeriscloud.docker was installed successfully
3.ansible-playbook
参数详解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-playbook -h Usage: ansible-playbook playbook.yml Options: -k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password --ask-su-pass ask for su password -K, --ask-sudo-pass ask for sudo password --ask-vault-pass ask for vault password -C, --check don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some of the changes that may occur -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION connection type to use (default=smart) -D, --diff when changing (small) files and templates, show the differences in those files; works great with --check -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS set additional variables as key=value or YAML/JSON --force-handlers run handlers even if a task fails -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS specify number of parallel processes to use (default=5) -h, --help show this help message and exit -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY specify inventory host file (default=/etc/ansible/hosts) -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern --list-hosts outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute anything else --list-tasks list all tasks that would be executed -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH specify path(s) to module library (default=/usr/share/ansible/) --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE use this file to authenticate the connection --skip-tags=SKIP_TAGS only run plays and tasks whose tags do not match these values --start-at-task=START_AT start the playbook at the task matching this name --step one-step-at-a-time: confirm each task before running -S, --su run operations with su -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER run operations with su as this user (default=root) -s, --sudo run operations with sudo (nopasswd) -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER desired sudo user (default=root) --syntax-check perform a syntax check on the playbook, but do not execute it -t TAGS, --tags=TAGS only run plays and tasks tagged with these values -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10) -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER connect as this user (default=root) --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE vault password file -v, --verbose verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable connection debugging) --version show program's version number and exit
4.ansible-pull
参数详解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-pull -h Usage: ansible-pull [options] [playbook.yml] Options: -K, --ask-sudo-pass ask for sudo password -C CHECKOUT, --checkout=CHECKOUT branch/tag/commit to checkout. Defaults to behavior of repository module. -d DEST, --directory=DEST directory to checkout repository to -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS set additional variables as key=value or YAML/JSON -f, --force run the playbook even if the repository could not be updated -h, --help show this help message and exit -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY 指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts location of the inventory host file -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME 从仓库检查的模块名,默认是git Module name used to check out repository. Default is git. -o, --only-if-changed only run the playbook if the repository has been updated --purge purge checkout after playbook run -s SLEEP, --sleep=SLEEP sleep for random interval (between 0 and n number of seconds) before starting. this is a useful way to disperse git requests -U URL, --url=URL URL of the playbook repository --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE vault password file -v, --verbose Pass -vvvv to ansible-playbook
5.ansible-vault
参数详解:
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-vault Usage: ansible-vault [create|decrypt|edit|encrypt|rekey] [--help] [options] file_name Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit See 'ansible-vault <command> --help' for more information on a specific command.
特殊说明:
ansible-vault主要应用于配置文件中含有敏感信息,又不希望他能被人看到,vault可以帮你加密/解密这个配置文件,属高级用法。主要对于playbooks里比如涉及到配置密码或其他变量时,可以通过该指令加密,这样我们通过cat看到的会是一个密码串类的文件,编辑的时候需要输入事先设定的密码才能打开。这种playbook文件在执行时,需要加上 –ask-vault-pass参数,同样需要输入密码后才能正常执行。具体该部分可以参查官方博客。
6.参考资料
ansible中文权威指南:
http://www.ansible.com.cn/
ansible小结(二):ansible结构:
http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/143179