简介
本文主要介绍如何利用Microsoft.net中提供的oracle支持以及System.Data.OracleClient命名空间下的方法来调用Oracle的存储过程。我尽量用一些经常用到的例子来讲解。
执行存储过程
让我们先从定义开始。首先,存储过程是一个能够处理一个或者多个动作的模块。而函数也是一个模块,但是他有返回值。这点不像存储过程。函数只是在执行的时候才会被调用,比如说表达式中的一个元素或者是默认的变量。
下面的第一个例子展示的是如何通过输入参数和输出参数来调用oracle的存储过程的。下面所有的示例中,我们将采用oracle默认的数据库ORCL,图例1中的代码向我们展示了如何创建一个名称为count_emp_by_dept的带有输入部门数字的参数,同时带有输出部门里面员工人数的参数的存储过程:
is
begin
select count ( * ) into pout_count
from scott.emp
where deptno = pin_deptno;
end count_emp_by_dept;
图例1:存储过程count_emp_by_dept
现在,让我们来创建一个控制台程序,并且添加对System.Data.OracleClient.dll的引用。图例2就是代码。代码中首先做的就是添加命名空间System.Data.OracleClient的引用。然后就是必须设置参数,最后利用OracleCommand对象的ExecuteNonQuery方法调用存储过程即可。
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.OracleClient;
using System.Data;
namespace CallingOracleStoredProc
{
class Program
{
static void Main( string [] args)
{
using (OracleConnection objConn = new OracleConnection( " Data Source=ORCL; User ID=scott; Password=tiger " ))
{
OracleCommand objCmd = new OracleCommand();
objCmd.Connection = objConn;
objCmd.CommandText = " count_emp_by_dept " ;
objCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
objCmd.Parameters.Add( " pin_deptno " , OracleType.Number).Value = 20 ;
objCmd.Parameters.Add( " pout_count " , OracleType.Number).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
try
{
objConn.Open();
objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
System.Console.WriteLine( " Number of employees in department 20 is {0} " ,objCmd.Parameters[ " pout_count " ].Value);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
System.Console.WriteLine( " Exception: {0} " ,ex.ToString());
}
objConn.Close();
}
}
}
}
图例2:调用存储过程代码
调用函数
由于函数和存储过程的区别不大,除了会返回一个值之外,所以我们需要设置一个返回参数。看例子:
图例3的代码展示了如何创建一个get_count_emp_by_dept的函数,它接收部门编号的参数,返回部门人数。这和前面的存储过程非常类似。
return number
is
var_count number ;
begin
select count ( * ) into var_count
from scott.emp
where deptno = pin_deptno;
return var_count;
end get_count_emp_by_dept;
图例3:创建oracle函数
图例4就是调用函数的代码。从图示可以看到,我们需要定义一个返回参数去得到返回值。除此之外,代码部分和调用存储过程的代码几乎相同。
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.OracleClient;
using System.Data;
namespace CallingOracleStoredProc
{
class Program
{
static void Main( string [] args)
{
using (OracleConnection objConn = new OracleConnection( " Data Source=ORCL; User ID=scott; Password=tiger " ))
{
OracleCommand objCmd = new OracleCommand();
objCmd.Connection = objConn;
objCmd.CommandText = " get_count_emp_by_dept " ;
objCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
objCmd.Parameters.Add( " pin_deptno " , OracleType.Number).Value = 20 ;
objCmd.Parameters.Add( " return_value " , OracleType.Number).Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue;
try
{
objConn.Open();
objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
System.Console.WriteLine( " Number of employees in department 20 is {0} " , objCmd.Parameters[ " return_value " ].Value);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
System.Console.WriteLine( " Exception: {0} " ,ex.ToString());
}
objConn.Close();
}
}
}
}
图例4:调用函数代码
使用游标
你可以使用REF CURSOR数据类型去处理oracle结果集。为了得到结果集,你必须在存储过程或者是函数中定义一个REF CURSOR输出参数来传递游标到你的程序中。下面就让我们去定义一个利用游标变量的存储过程。
我们先在图例5中定义一个包以及一个存储过程头。
as
type t_cursor is ref cursor ;
procedure get_employee(cur_employees out t_cursor);
end human_resources;
图例5:human_resources包以及get_employee存储过程
图例6是包体的定义:
as
procedure get_employee(cur_employees out t_cursor)
is
begin
open cur_employees for select * from emp;
end get_employee;
end human_resources;
图例6:包体
在图例7的代码中,我们调用了包中的存储过程。调用包中的存储过程可以使用如下的规则[package_name].[procedure_name]。为了得到游标,你需要定义一个游标参数,并且制定参数类型为输出才行,最后调用OracleCommand对象的ExecuteReader方法即可。
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.OracleClient;
using System.Data;
namespace CallingOracleStoredProc
{
class Program
{
private static void prvPrintReader(OracleDataReader objReader)
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < objReader.FieldCount; i ++ )
{
System.Console.Write( " {0}\t " ,objReader.GetName(i));
}
System.Console.Write( " \n " );
while (objReader.Read())
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < objReader.FieldCount; i ++ )
{
System.Console.Write( " {0}\t " , objReader[i].ToString());
}
System.Console.Write( " \n " );
}
}
static void Main( string [] args)
{
using (OracleConnection objConn = new OracleConnection( " Data Source=ORCL; User ID=scott; Password=tiger " ))
{
OracleCommand objCmd = new OracleCommand();
objCmd.Connection = objConn;
objCmd.CommandText = " human_resources.get_employee " ;
objCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
objCmd.Parameters.Add( " cur_employees " , OracleType.Cursor).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
try
{
objConn.Open();
OracleDataReader objReader = objCmd.ExecuteReader();
prvPrintReader(objReader);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
System.Console.WriteLine( " Exception: {0} " ,ex.ToString());
}
objConn.Close();
}
}
}
}
图例7:程序代码
如果存储过程返回多个游标集合的话,DataReader对象可以通过调用NextResult方法来处理。让我们看以下的一个例子。图例8展示了如何创建一个包头:
as
type t_cursor is ref cursor ;
procedure get_employee_department(cur_employees out t_cursor, cur_departments out t_cursor);
end human_resources;
图例8:包头
图例9则展示了创建包体的方法:
as
procedure get_employee_department(cur_employees out t_cursor, cur_departments out t_cursor)
is
begin
open cur_employees for select * from emp;
open cur_departments for select * from dept;
end get_employee_department;
end human_resources;
图例9:包体
让我们通过图例10来看看代码处理方式:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.OracleClient;
using System.Data;
namespace CallingOracleStoredProc
{
class Program
{
private static void prvPrintReader(OracleDataReader objReader)
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < objReader.FieldCount; i ++ )
{
System.Console.Write( " {0}\t " ,objReader.GetName(i));
}
System.Console.Write( " \n " );
while (objReader.Read())
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < objReader.FieldCount; i ++ )
{
System.Console.Write( " {0}\t " , objReader[i].ToString());
}
System.Console.Write( " \n " );
}
}
static void Main( string [] args)
{
using (OracleConnection objConn = new OracleConnection( " Data Source=ORCL; User ID=scott; Password=tiger " ))
{
OracleCommand objCmd = new OracleCommand();
objCmd.Connection = objConn;
objCmd.CommandText = " human_resources.get_employee_department " ;
objCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
objCmd.Parameters.Add( " cur_employees " , OracleType.Cursor).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
objCmd.Parameters.Add( " cur_departments " , OracleType.Cursor).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
try
{
objConn.Open();
OracleDataReader objReader = objCmd.ExecuteReader();
prvPrintReader(objReader);
objReader.NextResult();
prvPrintReader(objReader);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
System.Console.WriteLine( " Exception: {0} " ,ex.ToString());
}
objConn.Close();
}
}
}
}
图例10:程序代码
DataSet和DataAdapter的使用方法
最后的一个例子向我们展示了如何利用DataAdapter对象填充以及更新一个DataSet对象。首先需要做的就是创建四个操作零食表的增删查该的存储过程。图例11展示了创建的包头:
as
type t_cursor is ref cursor ;
procedure select_employee(cur_employees out t_cursor);
procedure insert_employee(p_empno number , p_ename varchar2 , p_job varchar2 , p_mgr number , p_hiredate date, p_sal number , p_comm number , p_deptno number );
procedure update_employee(p_empno number , p_ename varchar2 , p_job varchar2 , p_mgr number , p_hiredate date, p_sal number , p_comm number , p_deptno number );
procedure delete_employee(p_empno number );
end human_resources;
图例11:包头
图例12是包体:
as
procedure select_employee(cur_employees out t_cursor)
is
begin
open cur_employees for select empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno from emp;
end select_employee;
procedure insert_employee(p_empno number , p_ename varchar2 , p_job varchar2 , p_mgr number , p_hiredate date, p_sal number , p_comm number , p_deptno number )
is
begin
update emp
set ename = p_ename, job = p_job, mgr = p_mgr, hiredate = p_hiredate, sal = p_sal, comm = p_comm, deptno = p_deptno
where empno = p_empno;
end insert_employee;
procedure update_employee(p_empno number , p_ename varchar2 , p_job varchar2 , p_mgr number , p_hiredate date, p_sal number , p_comm number , p_deptno number )
is
begin
insert into emp
values (p_empno,p_ename,p_job,p_mgr,p_hiredate,p_sal,p_comm,p_deptno);
end update_employee;
procedure delete_employee(p_empno number )
is
begin
delete from emp
where empno = p_empno;
end delete_employee;
end human_resources;
图例12:包体
最终,让我们看看图例13中,对上面的存储过程进行调用的代码。从上图可以看到,如果要填充数据表,我们需要通过OracleCommand来定义增删查该操作并且将其关联到DataAdapter对象。下面例子的逻辑就是先填充数据表,然后打印出雇员数量,最后添加一行新的雇员数据进去。
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.OracleClient;
using System.Data;
namespace CallingOracleStoredProc
{
class Program
{
static void Main( string [] args)
{
using (OracleConnection objConn = new OracleConnection( " Data Source=ORCL; User ID=scott; Password=tiger " ))
{
OracleDataAdapter objAdapter = new OracleDataAdapter();
OracleCommand objSelectCmd = new OracleCommand();
objSelectCmd.Connection = objConn;
objSelectCmd.CommandText = " human_resources.select_employee " ;
objSelectCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
objSelectCmd.Parameters.Add( " cur_employees " , OracleType.Cursor).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
objAdapter.SelectCommand = objSelectCmd;
OracleCommand objInsertCmd = new OracleCommand();
objInsertCmd.Connection = objConn;
objInsertCmd.CommandText = " human_resources.insert_employee " ;
objInsertCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
objInsertCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_empno " , OracleType.Number, 4 , " empno " );
objInsertCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_ename " , OracleType.VarChar, 10 , " ename " );
objInsertCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_job " , OracleType.VarChar, 9 , " job " );
objInsertCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_mgr " , OracleType.Number, 4 , " mgr " );
objInsertCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_hiredate " , OracleType.DateTime, 12 , " hiredate " );
objInsertCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_sal " , OracleType.Number, 7 , " sal " );
objInsertCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_comm " , OracleType.Number, 7 , " comm " );
objInsertCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_deptno " , OracleType.Number, 7 , " deptno " );
objAdapter.InsertCommand = objInsertCmd;
OracleCommand objUpdateCmd = new OracleCommand();
objUpdateCmd.Connection = objConn;
objUpdateCmd.CommandText = " human_resources.update_employee " ;
objUpdateCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
objUpdateCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_empno " , OracleType.Number, 4 , " empno " );
objUpdateCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_ename " , OracleType.VarChar, 10 , " ename " );
objUpdateCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_job " , OracleType.VarChar, 9 , " job " );
objUpdateCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_mgr " , OracleType.Number, 4 , " mgr " );
objUpdateCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_hiredate " , OracleType.DateTime, 10 , " hiredate " );
objUpdateCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_sal " , OracleType.Number, 7 , " sal " );
objUpdateCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_comm " , OracleType.Number, 7 , " comm " );
objUpdateCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_deptno " , OracleType.Number, 7 , " deptno " );
objAdapter.UpdateCommand = objUpdateCmd;
OracleCommand objDeleteCmd = new OracleCommand();
objDeleteCmd.Connection = objConn;
objDeleteCmd.CommandText = " human_resources.delete_employee " ;
objDeleteCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
objDeleteCmd.Parameters.Add( " p_empno " , OracleType.Number, 4 , " empno " );
objAdapter.DeleteCommand = objDeleteCmd;
try
{
DataTable dtEmp = new DataTable();
objAdapter.Fill(dtEmp);
System.Console.WriteLine( " Employee count = {0} " , dtEmp.Rows.Count );
dtEmp.Rows.Add( 7935 , " John " , " Manager " , 7782 , DateTime.Now, 1300 , 0 , 10 );
objAdapter.Update(dtEmp);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
System.Console.WriteLine( " Exception: {0} " ,ex.ToString());
}
objConn.Close();
}
}
}
}
图例12:程序代码
总结
本文中,我想大家阐述了如何利用Microsoft.net来操作oracle的存储过程。上面的例子几乎涵盖了。Net引用oracle存储过程的所有基本的操作。谢谢。