字符串

 一.字符串常用函数

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <fstream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <string.h>
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 int main()
 8 {
 9     string s(4,'x');
10     cout << s << endl;//xxxx
11 
12     s += "xx";
13 
14     string buffer = "E:\\1.txt";
15     ifstream infile;
16     infile.open(buffer.c_str());//返回
17 
18     //erase
19     string s1 = "This is a test string";
20     s1.erase(10, 5);
21     cout << s1 << endl;//This is a string
22 
23     //Insert
24     string s2 = "test ";
25     s1.insert(10, s2);
26     cout << s1 << endl;//This is a test string
27 
28     //replace
29     s1 = "This is a string";
30     s1.replace(10, 6, s2);
31     cout << s1 << endl;//This is a test
32 
33     //swap
34     s1.swap(s2);
35     cout << s1 << endl; // test
36 
37     s2[2] = 'a'; s2[3] = 't';
38     cout << s2 << endl;//That is a test
39 
40     //substr
41     s1 = s2.substr(10, 4);
42     cout << s1 << endl;//test
43 
44     //find(子串,初始查找位置）
45     cout << s2.find("is", 0) << endl;//5
46     cout << s2.find("at", 0) << endl;//2
47 
48     //rfind(子串,初始查找位置)从后往前找
49     cout << s2.rfind("a", 13) << endl;//8
50     cout << s2.rfind("t", 13) << endl;//13
51 
52     //find_first_of,find_first_not_of
53     //find_last_of,find_last_not_of
54     s1 = "abcdef";
55     cout << s1.find_first_of("xeyz") << endl;//4
56     cout << s1.find_first_not_of("xyba") << endl;//2
57     cout << s1.find_last_of("xeyz") << endl;//4
58     cout << s1.find_last_not_of("xyba") << endl;//5
59 
60     //string.h strlen, strcmp, strcpy, atoi, strtok, strcat
61     cout << strlen(s1.c_str()) << endl;//6 abcdef
62 
63     //c_str()是const char*
64     char s3[500];
65     strcpy(s3, s1.c_str());
66     cout << s3 << endl;//abcdef
67 
68     char s4[500];
69     strcpy(s4, s2.c_str());
70     cout << strcmp(s3, s3) << endl;//0
71     cout << strcmp(s3, s4) << endl;//1
72 
73     cout << strcat(s3, s4) << endl;//abcdefThat is a test
74 
75     strcpy(s3, "123");
76     cout << atoi(s3) << endl;//123
77 
78     s1 = "123 456,789,你好";
79     strcpy(s3, s1.c_str());
80     char *p = strtok(s3, " ");
81     while((p = strtok(NULL, ",")))
82     {
83         cout << p << endl;
84         /*
85         123
86         456
87         789
88         你好
89         */
90     }
91     return 0;
92 }

 

 二.getline

用来读入一整行到string类型变量中去，若getline没有读入字符，它将返回false，可用于判断是否结束以终止程序。

cin在getline之前使用，getline无法工作，cin的回车getline会读入，需要cin.ignore()

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 6 {
 7 
 8     string str;
 9     cin >> str1; //Ed wood
10     cout << str1; //Ed, 自动忽略空格和之后内容
11 
12     return 0;
13 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 6 {
 7 
 8     string str;
 9     getline(cin, str); //Ed wood
10     cout << str; //Ed wood
11 
12     return 0;
13 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <fstream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 7 {
 8 
 9     ifstream infile;
10     ofstream outfile;
11 
12     string buffer;
13 
14     infile.open("E:\\3.txt");
15     outfile.open("E:\\2.txt", ios::app);
16 
17     while(getline(infile, buffer))
18     {
19         outfile << buffer << endl;
20         /*
21         Num = 1
22         Num = 2
23         Num = 3
24         Num = 4
25         Num = 5
26         1
27         2
28         3
29         4
30         5
31 
32         */
33     }
34 
35     infile.close();
36     outfile.close();
37 
38     return 0;
39 }

 

三.字符串++

 

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <fstream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 7 {
 8     string s1 = "1", s2 = "2";
 9     char s3[] = "3";//char[2]
10 
11     //左边必须string，+=同上
12     s1 = s3;//ok
13     s1 = s3;//ok
14     s1 = 'l';//ok
15     s3 = s1;//error
16 
17     string s4 = "";
18 
19     s1 = s2 + s3;//ok
20     s1 = s2 + s4;//ok
21     s1 = 'w' + s3;//ok
22     s1 = "123" + "456";//error
23 
24     return 0;
25 }

 

四.补充

 

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <fstream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <string.h>
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 int main()
 8 {
 9     //assign
10     string s1 = "cat";
11     string s2;
12     s2.assign(s1);
13     cout << s2 << endl;//cat
14     s2.assign(s1, 0, 2);
15     cout << s2 << endl;//ca
16 
17     //append
18     s1.append(s2);
19     cout << s1 << endl;//catca
20     s2.append(s1, 3, s1.size());//3至结束
21     cout << s2 << endl;//caca
22 
23     //length,size
24     cout << s1.length() << endl;//5
25     cout << s1.size() << endl;//5
26 
27     //strstr
28     //cout << strstr(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str()) << endl;//返回NULL
29     s1.append(s2);
30     cout << strstr(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str()) << endl;//返回s2在s1中首次出现的地址，cacaca
31 
32     //at
33     string s3("hello");
34     cout << s3[0] << " " << s3.at(0) << endl;//h h
35     //cout << s3.at(7) << endl;//at会做范围检查，超出范围会抛出outofrange异常，下标运算符不会
36 
37 
38     return 0;
39 }

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wanderingzj/p/5293199.html