为了避免以上问题出现,我想到了用XML来预先定义窗体,通过运行时动态生成窗体来提高程序的可重用性,这样就可以写很少的代码生成不同需要的窗体。而且当有类似的项目需求时,可以很容易的就做出来。
好了,让我来说说这个项目大体思路吧(所用代码为这个项目的一个类似工程)。 项目工程下载
首先定义一个XML文件:FormStyle.xml,这个项目所有的程序都是围绕这个XML文档来操作的。
<!--
FormStyle.xml
-->
<!-- 该文档用来定义窗体 -->
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< FormStyles >
< Form Name ="Add" Width ="300" Height ="400" >
< Button Name ="OK" Text ="确定" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="100" Top ="30" >
</ Button >
</ Form >
< Form Name ="Del" Width ="350" Height ="450" >
< Button Name ="Cancel" Text ="取消" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="100" Top ="30" >
</ Button >
< TextBox Name ="txtName" Width ="100" Height ="25" Left ="100" Top ="60" ></ TextBox >
</ Form >
< Form Name ="Search" Width ="500" Height ="400" >
< Button Name ="OK" Text ="确定" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="150" Top ="30" ></ Button >
< Button Name ="Cancel" Text ="取消" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="60" Top ="30" ></ Button >
< TextBox Name ="txtOK" Width ="100" Height ="25" Left ="100" Top ="60" ></ TextBox >
</ Form >
< Form Name ="Modify" Width ="500" Height ="400" >
< Button Name ="OK" Text ="确定" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="150" Top ="30" ></ Button >
< Button Name ="Cancel" Text ="取消" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="60" Top ="30" ></ Button >
</ Form >
</ FormStyles >
文档中用<Form></Form>来定义一个窗体,该节点里的其他元素定义窗体中的控件。
<!-- 该文档用来定义窗体 -->
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< FormStyles >
< Form Name ="Add" Width ="300" Height ="400" >
< Button Name ="OK" Text ="确定" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="100" Top ="30" >
</ Button >
</ Form >
< Form Name ="Del" Width ="350" Height ="450" >
< Button Name ="Cancel" Text ="取消" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="100" Top ="30" >
</ Button >
< TextBox Name ="txtName" Width ="100" Height ="25" Left ="100" Top ="60" ></ TextBox >
</ Form >
< Form Name ="Search" Width ="500" Height ="400" >
< Button Name ="OK" Text ="确定" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="150" Top ="30" ></ Button >
< Button Name ="Cancel" Text ="取消" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="60" Top ="30" ></ Button >
< TextBox Name ="txtOK" Width ="100" Height ="25" Left ="100" Top ="60" ></ TextBox >
</ Form >
< Form Name ="Modify" Width ="500" Height ="400" >
< Button Name ="OK" Text ="确定" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="150" Top ="30" ></ Button >
< Button Name ="Cancel" Text ="取消" Width ="75" Height ="23" Left ="60" Top ="30" ></ Button >
</ Form >
</ FormStyles >
然后就是在主应用程序(frmMain.cs)中通过读取Xml文档来生成菜单项:
XmlDocument xmlReader
=
null
;
//
定义XML文档类
if (xmlReader == null )
{
xmlReader = new XmlDocument();
xmlReader.Load(Application.StartupPath + "\\..\\..\\FormStyle.xml");
}
// 通过遍历Xml文档的子节点来生成菜单项,菜单项的Text属性值为<Form></Form>节点 // 中的"Name"属性值。
for ( int i = 0 , count = xmlReader.DocumentElement.ChildNodes.Count; i < count; i ++ )
{
if(xmlReader.DocumentElement.ChildNodes[i].Name == "Form")
{
MenuItem mnuChild = new MenuItem();
mnuChild.Text = xmlReader.DocumentElement.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Name"].Value;
mnuEdit.MenuItems.Add(mnuChild);
mnuChild.Click += new EventHandler(CreateChildForm); // 将菜单的Click事件关联到//CreateChildForm方法
}
}
// 菜单Click事件的处理方法
private void CreateChildForm( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
frmChild child;
string FormStyle;
FormStyle = (sender as MenuItem).Text;
child = new frmChild(FormStyle);
child.MdiParent = this;
child.Show();
}
下面是子窗体frmChild.cs的主要代码,具体功能在构造函数中实现:
if (xmlReader == null )
{
xmlReader = new XmlDocument();
xmlReader.Load(Application.StartupPath + "\\..\\..\\FormStyle.xml");
}
// 通过遍历Xml文档的子节点来生成菜单项,菜单项的Text属性值为<Form></Form>节点 // 中的"Name"属性值。
for ( int i = 0 , count = xmlReader.DocumentElement.ChildNodes.Count; i < count; i ++ )
{
if(xmlReader.DocumentElement.ChildNodes[i].Name == "Form")
{
MenuItem mnuChild = new MenuItem();
mnuChild.Text = xmlReader.DocumentElement.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Name"].Value;
mnuEdit.MenuItems.Add(mnuChild);
mnuChild.Click += new EventHandler(CreateChildForm); // 将菜单的Click事件关联到//CreateChildForm方法
}
}
// 菜单Click事件的处理方法
private void CreateChildForm( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
frmChild child;
string FormStyle;
FormStyle = (sender as MenuItem).Text;
child = new frmChild(FormStyle);
child.MdiParent = this;
child.Show();
}
private
XmlDocument xmlReader
=
null
;
public frmChild( string FormStyle)
{
//
// Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
//
InitializeComponent();
if(xmlReader == null)
{
xmlReader = new XmlDocument();
xmlReader.Load(Application.StartupPath + "\\..\\..\\FormStyle.xml");
}
XmlNode xnode = xmlReader.DocumentElement.SelectSingleNode(string.Format("descendant::Form[@Name='{0}']", FormStyle)); // 这里用到了XPath来确定要在Xml文档中读取的节点,具体关于// XPath的知识请读者自行查看相关资料吧
if(xnode != null)
{
for(int i=0; i < xnode.ChildNodes.Count; i++)
{
if(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Name == "Button")
{
Button btnOk = new Button();
btnOk.Width = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Width"].Value);
btnOk.Height = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Height"].Value);
btnOk.Left = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Left"].Value);
btnOk.Top = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Top"].Value);
btnOk.Text = xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Text"].Value;
this.Controls.Add(btnOk);
}
else if(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Name == "TextBox")
{
TextBox txtAdd = new TextBox();
txtAdd.Width = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Width"].Value);
txtAdd.Height = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Height"].Value);
txtAdd.Left = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Left"].Value);
txtAdd.Top = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Top"].Value);
this.Controls.Add(txtAdd);
}
}
}
}
不足之处:没有完成动态生成的控件的事件处理函数。有兴趣的朋友自己完成吧
public frmChild( string FormStyle)
{
//
// Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
//
InitializeComponent();
if(xmlReader == null)
{
xmlReader = new XmlDocument();
xmlReader.Load(Application.StartupPath + "\\..\\..\\FormStyle.xml");
}
XmlNode xnode = xmlReader.DocumentElement.SelectSingleNode(string.Format("descendant::Form[@Name='{0}']", FormStyle)); // 这里用到了XPath来确定要在Xml文档中读取的节点,具体关于// XPath的知识请读者自行查看相关资料吧
if(xnode != null)
{
for(int i=0; i < xnode.ChildNodes.Count; i++)
{
if(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Name == "Button")
{
Button btnOk = new Button();
btnOk.Width = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Width"].Value);
btnOk.Height = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Height"].Value);
btnOk.Left = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Left"].Value);
btnOk.Top = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Top"].Value);
btnOk.Text = xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Text"].Value;
this.Controls.Add(btnOk);
}
else if(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Name == "TextBox")
{
TextBox txtAdd = new TextBox();
txtAdd.Width = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Width"].Value);
txtAdd.Height = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Height"].Value);
txtAdd.Left = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Left"].Value);
txtAdd.Top = int.Parse(xnode.ChildNodes[i].Attributes["Top"].Value);
this.Controls.Add(txtAdd);
}
}
}
}