PHP Basic

　　

定义超全局变量：

<?php

$room = 20;

function show() : void

{

    $room = $GLOBALS['room'];

    echo $room;

}

?>

这里使用了$GLOBALS这个包含全局变量的数组

 

Final Key word:

如果父类中的方法被声明为 final，则子类无法覆盖该方法。如果一个类被声明为 final，则不能被继承。

<?php
class BaseClass {
   public function test() {
       echo "BaseClass::test() called\n";
   }
   
   final public function moreTesting() {
       echo "BaseClass::moreTesting() called\n";
   }
}

class ChildClass extends BaseClass {
   public function moreTesting() {
       echo "ChildClass::moreTesting() called\n";
   }
}
// Results in Fatal error: Cannot override final method BaseClass::moreTesting()
?>

　　

复制对象：

在多数情况下，我们并不需要完全复制一个对象来获得其中属性。但有一个情况下确实需要：如果你有一个 GTK 窗口对象，该对象持有窗口相关的资源。你可能会想复制一个新的窗口，保持所有属性与原来的窗口相同，但必须是一个新的对象（因为如果不是新的对象，那么一个窗口中的改变就会影响到另一个窗口）。还有一种情况：如果对象 A 中保存着对象 B 的引用，当你复制对象 A 时，你想其中使用的对象不再是对象 B 而是 B 的一个副本，那么你必须得到对象 A 的一个副本。

对象复制可以通过 clone 关键字来完成（如果可能，这将调用对象的 __clone() 方法）。对象中的 __clone() 方法不能被直接调用。

$copy_of_object = clone $object;

当对象被复制后，PHP 5 会对对象的所有属性执行一个浅复制（shallow copy）。所有的引用属性 仍然会是一个指向原来的变量的引用。

__clone ( void ) : void

当复制完成时，如果定义了 __clone() 方法，则新创建的对象（复制生成的对象）中的 __clone() 方法会被调用，可用于修改属性的值（如果有必要的话）。

<?php
class SubObject
{
    static $instances = 0;
    public $instance;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->instance = ++self::$instances;
    }

    public function __clone() {
        $this->instance = ++self::$instances;
    }
}

class MyCloneable
{
    public $object1;
    public $object2;

    function __clone()
    {
      
        // 强制复制一份this->object， 否则仍然指向同一个对象
        $this->object1 = clone $this->object1;
    }
}

$obj = new MyCloneable();

$obj->object1 = new SubObject();
$obj->object2 = new SubObject();

$obj2 = clone $obj;


print("Original Object:\n");
print_r($obj);

print("Cloned Object:\n");
print_r($obj2);

?>

　

The output is:

Original Object:
MyCloneable Object
(
    [object1] => SubObject Object
        (
            [instance] => 1
        )

    [object2] => SubObject Object
        (
            [instance] => 2
        )

)
Cloned Object:
MyCloneable Object
(
    [object1] => SubObject Object
        (
            [instance] => 3
        )

    [object2] => SubObject Object
        (
            [instance] => 2
        )

)

　　

 Single Quotes:

Single quotes are used to denote a "literal string". Literal Strings do not attampt to parse special characters or variables.

If using single quotes, you could enter a variable name into a string like so: 'some $thing', and you would see the exact output of some $thing. If using double quotes, that would try to evaluate the $thing variable name and show errors if no variable was found.

<?php
echo 'This is my string, look at how pretty it is.';    // no need to parse a simple string

/**
 * Output:
 *
 * This is my string, look at how pretty it is.
 */

 

Double quotes:

Double quotes are the Swiss Army Knife of the strings. They will not only parse variables as mentioned above, but all sorts of special characters, like \n for newline, \t for a tab, etc.

<?php
echo 'phptherightway is ' . $adjective . '.'     // a single quotes example that uses multiple concatenating for
    . "\n"                                       // variables and escaped string
    . 'I love learning' . $code . '!';

// vs

echo "phptherightway is $adjective.\n I love learning $code!"  // Instead of multiple concatenating, double quotes
                                                               // enables us to use a parsable string

Double quotes can contain variables; this is called "interpolation".

<?php
$juice = 'plum';
echo "I like $juice juice";    // Output: I like plum juice

When using interpolation, it is often the case that the variable will be touching another character. This will result in some confusion as to what is the name of the variable, and what is a literal character.

To fix this problem, wrap the variable within a pair of curly brackets.

<?php
$juice = 'plum';
echo "I drank some juice made of $juices";    // $juice cannot be parsed

// vs

$juice = 'plum';
echo "I drank some juice made of {$juice}s";    // $juice will be parsed

/**
 * Complex variables will also be parsed within curly brackets
 */

$juice = array('apple', 'orange', 'plum');
echo "I drank some juice made of {$juice[1]}s";   // $juice[1] will be parsed

 

Nowdoc syntax:

Nowdoc syntax was introduced in 5.3 and internally behaves the same way as single quotes except it is suited toward the use of multi-line strings without the need for concatenating.

<?php
$str = <<<'EOD'             // initialized by <<<
Example of string
spanning multiple lines
using nowdoc syntax.
$a does not parse.
EOD;                        // closing 'EOD' must be on it's own line, and to the left most point

/**
 * Output:
 *
 * Example of string
 * spanning multiple lines
 * using nowdoc syntax.
 * $a does not parse.
 */

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/victorchen/p/10812951.html