表示一个对象,该对象包含可在运行时动态添加和移除的成员
语法:
public sealed class ExpandoObject : IDynamicMetaObjectProvider,
IDictionary<string, Object>, ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, Object>>,
IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, Object>>, IEnumerable, INotifyPropertyChanged
一、创建实例
在 C# 中,要为 ExpandoObject 类的实例启用后期绑定,必须使用 dynamic 关键字。
dynamic sampleObject = new ExpandoObject();
二、添加新成员
可以向 ExpandoObject 类的实例中添加属性、方法和事件。
下面的代码示例演示如何将新属性添加到 ExpandoObject 类的实例。
sampleObject.test = "Dynamic Property";
Console.WriteLine(sampleObject.test);
Console.WriteLine(sampleObject.test.GetType());
方法表示存储为委托的 lambda 表达式,可在需要时调用。 下面的代码示例演示如何添加一个递增的动态属性的值的方法。
sampleObject.number = 10;
sampleObject.Increment = (Action)(() => { sampleObject.number++; });
// Before calling the Increment method.
Console.WriteLine(sampleObject.number);
sampleObject.Increment();
// After calling the Increment method.
Console.WriteLine(sampleObject.number);
// This code example produces the following output:
// 10
// 11
下面的代码示例演示如何将事件添加到 ExpandoObject 类的实例。
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
dynamic sampleObject = new ExpandoObject();
// Create a new event and initialize it with null.
sampleObject.sampleEvent = null;
// Add an event handler.
sampleObject.sampleEvent += new EventHandler(SampleHandler);
// Raise an event for testing purposes.
sampleObject.sampleEvent(sampleObject, new EventArgs());
}
// Event handler.
static void SampleHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("SampleHandler for {0} event", sender);
}
}
// This code example produces the following output:
// SampleHandler for System.Dynamic.ExpandoObject event.
三、作为参数传递
可以将 ExpandoObject 类的实例作为参数传递。
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
dynamic employee, manager;
employee = new ExpandoObject();
employee.Name = "John Smith";
employee.Age = 33;
manager = new ExpandoObject();
manager.Name = "Allison Brown";
manager.Age = 42;
manager.TeamSize = 10;
WritePerson(manager);
WritePerson(employee);
}
private static void WritePerson(dynamic person)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.",
person.Name, person.Age);
// The following statement causes an exception
// if you pass the employee object.
// Console.WriteLine("Manages {0} people", person.TeamSize);
}
}
// This code example produces the following output:
// John Smith is 33 years old.
// Allison Brown is 42 years old.
四、枚举和删除成员
ExpandoObject 类实现 IDictionary<String, Object> 接口。 这使成员枚举能够在运行时添加至 ExpandoObject 类的实例中。 如果您在编译时不知道实例可能具有的成员,这可能十分有用。
下面的代码示例演示如何将 ExpandoObject 类的实例强制转换为 IDictionary<TKey, TValue> 接口,并枚举该实例的成员。
dynamic employee = new ExpandoObject();
employee.Name = "John Smith";
employee.Age = 33;
foreach (var property in (IDictionary<String, Object>)employee)
{
Console.WriteLine(property.Key + ": " + property.Value);
}
// This code example produces the following output:
// Name: John Smith
// Age: 33
不具有删除成员的语法的语言中 (如 C# 和 Visual Basic),可以通过将 ExpandoObject 实例隐式强制转换到 IDictionary<String, Object> 接口,然后删除作为键/值对的成员的方式来删除成员。 这将在下面的示例中显示。
dynamic employee = new ExpandoObject();
employee.Name = "John Smith";
((IDictionary<String, Object>)employee).Remove("Name");