oracle process命令,Oracle命令全集

第一章：日志管理

第二章：表空间管理

第三章：表

第四章：索引

第五章：约束

第六章：LOAD数据

第七章：reorganizing data

第八章： managing password security and resources

第九章：Managing users

第十章：managing privileges

第十一章： manager role

第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY

Oracle命令全集

第一章：日志管理

1.forcing log switches

sql> alter system switch logfile;

2.forcing

checkpoints

sql> alter system checkpoint;

3.adding

online redo log groups

sql> alter database add logfile [group 4]

sql> ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size

1m;

4.adding

online redo log members

sql> alter database add logfile member

sql> '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1,

sql> '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2;

5.changes

the name of the online redo logfile

sql> alter database rename file

'c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'

sql> to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

6.drop

online redo log groups

sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;

7.drop

online redo log members

sql> alter database drop logfile member

'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

8.clearing online redo log files

sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile

'c:/oracle/log2a.rdo';

9.using

logminer analyzing redo logfiles

a. in the

init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' '

b.

sql> execute

dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','c:oracleoradblog');

c.

sql> execute

dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('c:oracleoradataoradbredo01.log',

sql> dbms_logmnr.new);

d.

sql> execute

dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('c:oracleoradataoradbredo02.log',

sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);

e.

sql> execute

dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'c:oracleoradblogoradb.ora');

f.

sql> select * from

v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters

sql> v$logmnr_logs);

g.

sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;

第二章：表空间管理

1.create

tablespaces

sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile

'c:oracleoradatafile1.dbf' size 100m,

sql> 'c:oracleoradatafile2.dbf' size 100m minimum

extent 550k [logging/nologging]

sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k

maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)

sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary]

[extent_management_clause]

2.locally

managed tablespace

sql> create tablespace user_data datafile

'c:oracleoradatauser_data01.dbf'

sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size

10m;

3.temporary tablespace

sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile

'c:oracleoradatatemp01.dbf'

sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size

10m;

4.change

the storage setting

sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent

2m;

sql> alter tablespace app_data default

storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);

5.taking

tablespace offline or online

sql> alter tablespace app_data offline;

sql> alter tablespace app_data online;

6.read_only tablespace

sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write;

7.droping

tablespace

sql> drop tablespace app_data including

contents;

8.enableing automatic extension of data files

sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile

'c:oracleoradataapp_data01.dbf'size 200m

sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;

9.change

the size fo data files manually

sql> alter database datafile

'c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf'resize 200m;

10.Moving

data files: alter tablespace

sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile

'c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf'

sql> to 'c:oracleapp_data.dbf';

11.moving

data files:alter database

sql> alter database rename file

'c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf'

sql> to 'c:oracleapp_data.dbf';

第三章：表

1.create

a table

sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column

datatype]....)

sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer]

[pctused integer]

sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]

sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0

maxextents 50)

sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache]

2.copy an

existing table

sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as

subquery

3.create

temporary table

sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as

select * from xay;

on commit

preserve rows/on commit delete rows

4.pctfree

= (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size

pctused =

100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space)

5.change

storage and block utilization parameter

sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50

storage(next 500k

sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100);

6.manually allocating extents

sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size

500k datafile 'c:/oracle/data.dbf');

7.move

tablespace

sql> alter table employee move tablespace users;

8.deallocate of unused space

sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep

integer]

9.truncate a table

sql> truncate table table_name;

10.drop a

table

sql> drop table table_name [cascade

constraints];

11.drop a

column

sql> alter table table_name drop column comments

cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;

alter

table table_name drop columns continue;

12.mark a

column as unused

sql> alter table table_name set unused column

comments cascade constraints;

alter

table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;

alter

table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000

data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs

第四章：索引

1.creating function-based indexes

sql> create index summit.item_quantity on

summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);

2.create

a B-tree index

sql> create [unique] index index_name on

table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace

sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans

integer] [maxtrans integer]

sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial

200k next 200k pctincrease 0

sql> maxextents 50);

3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of

rows)*100/maximum number of rows

4.creating reverse key indexes

sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse

pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k

sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)

tablespace indx;

5.create

bitmap index

sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30

storage( initial 200k next 200k

sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace

indx;

6.change

storage parameter of index

sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k

maxextents 100);

7.allocating index space

sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k

datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf');

8.alter

index xay_id deallocate unused;

第五章：约束

1.define

constraints as immediate or deferred

sql> alter session set constraint[s] =

immediate/deferred/default;

set

constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;

2.

sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints

sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including

contents cascade constraints

3. define

constraints while create a table

sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id

primary key deferrable

sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k)

tablespace indx);

primary

key/unique/references table(column)/check

4.enable

constraints

sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint

xay_id;

5.enable

constraints

sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint

xay_id;

第六章：LOAD数据

1.loading

data using direct_load insert

sql> insert into emp nologging

sql> select * from emp_old;

2.parallel direct-load insert

sql> alter session enable parallel dml;

sql> insert into emp nologging

sql> select * from emp_old;

3.using

sql*loader

sql> sqlldr scott/tiger

sql> control = ulcase6.ctl

sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true

第七章：reorganizing data

1.using

expoty

$exp

scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n

direct=y

2.using

import

$imp

scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y

3.transporting a tablespace

sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only;

$exp

sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts

triggers=n constraints=n

$copy

datafile

$imp

sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y

datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2

/sles02.dbf)

sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write;

4.checking transport set

sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list

=>'sales_ts'

..,incl_constraints=>true);

在表transport_set_violations 中查看

sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含

第八章： managing password security and resources

1.controlling account lock and password

sql> alter user juncky identified by oracle account

unlock;

2.user_provided password function

sql> function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password

in varchar2(30),

old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean

3.create

a profile : password setting

sql> create profile grace_5 limit

failed_login_attempts 3

sql> password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time

30

sql>password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function

verify_function

sql> password_grace_time 5;

4.altering a profile

sql> alter profile default failed_login_attempts

3

sql> password_life_time 60 password_grace_time

10;

5.drop a

profile

sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade];

6.create

a profile : resource limit

sql> create profile developer_prof limit

sessions_per_user 2

sql> cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time

480;

7. view

=> resource_cost : alter resource cost

dba_Users,dba_profiles

8. enable

resource limits

sql> alter system set resource_limit=true;

第九章：Managing users

1.create

a user: database authentication

sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default

tablespace users

sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data

password expire

sql> [account lock|unlock] [profile

profilename|default];

2.change

user quota on tablespace

sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users;

3.drop a

user

sql> drop user juncky [cascade];

4.

monitor user

view:

dba_users , dba_ts_quotas

第十章：managing privileges

1.system

privileges: view => system_privilege_map

,dba_sys_privs,session_privs

2.grant

system privilege

sql> grant create session,create table to

managers;

sql> grant create session to scott with admin

option;

with

admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or

role;

3.sysdba

and sysoper privileges:

sysoper:

startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup

controlfile,

alter

tablespace begin/end backup,recover database

alter

database archivelog,restricted session

sysdba:

sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover

database until

4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users

5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or

tables in other schema

6.revoke

system privilege

sql> revoke create table from karen;

sql> revoke create session from scott;

7.grant

object privilege

sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe to public;

sql> grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to

karen with grant option;

8.display

object privilege : view => dba_tab_privs,

dba_col_privs

9.revoke

object privilege

sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade

constraints];

10.audit

record view :=> sys.aud$

11.

protecting the audit trail

sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access;

12.statement auditing

sql> audit user;

13.privilege auditing

sql> audit select any table by summit by access;

14.schema

object auditing

sql> audit lock on summit.employee by access

whenever successful;

15.view

audit option : view=>

all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,

dba_obj_audit_opts

16.view

audit result: view=>

dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,

dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement

第十一章： manager role

1.create

roles

sql> create role sales_clerk;

sql> create role hr_clerk identified by bonus;

sql> create role hr_manager identified

externally;

2.modify

role

sql> alter role sales_clerk identified by

commission;

sql> alter role hr_clerk identified externally;

sql> alter role hr_manager not identified;

3.assigning roles

sql> grant sales_clerk to scott;

sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager;

sql> grant hr_manager to scott with admin

option;

4.establish default role

sql> alter user scott default role

hr_clerk,sales_clerk;

sql> alter user scott default role all;

sql> alter user scott default role all except

hr_clerk;

sql> alter user scott default role none;

5.enable

and disable roles

sql> set role hr_clerk;

sql> set role sales_clerk identified by

commission;

sql> set role all except sales_clerk;

sql> set role none;

6.remove

role from user

sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott;

sql> revoke hr_manager from public;

7.remove

role

sql> drop role hr_manager;

8.display

role information

view:

=>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,

role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles

第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY

1.

v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat

2. Rman

need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and

large_pool_size

3.

Monitoring Parallel Rollback

> v$fast_start_servers ,

v$fast_start_transactions

4.perform

a closed database backup (noarchivelog)

> shutdown immediate

> cp files /backup/

> startup

5.restore

to a different location

> connect system/manager as sysdba

> startup mount

> alter database rename file '/disk1/../user.dbf'to

'/disk2/../user.dbf';

> alter database open;

6.recover

syntax

--recover

a mounted database

>recover database;

>recover datafile '/disk1/data/df2.dbf';

>alter database recover database;

--recover

an opened database

>recover tablespace user_data;

>recover datafile 2;

>alter database recover datafile 2;

7.how to

apply redo log files automatically

>set autorecovery on

>recover automatic datafile 4;

8.complete recovery:

--method

1(mounted databae)

>copy c:backupuser.dbf c:oradatauser.dbf

>startup mount

>recover datafile 'c:oradatauser.dbf;

>alter database open;

--method

2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback

datafile)

>copy c:backupuser.dbf c:oradatauser.dbf (alter

tablespace offline)

>recover datafile 'c:oradatauser.dbf' or

>recover tablespace user_data;

>alter database datafile 'c:oradatauser.dbf' online

or

>alter tablespace user_data online;

--method

3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback

datafile)

>startup mount

>alter database datafile 'c:oradatauser.dbf'

offline;

>alter database open

>copy c:backupuser.dbf d:oradatauser.dbf

>alter database rename file 'c:oradatauser.dbf'to

'd:oradatauser.dbf'

>recover datafile 'e:oradatauser.dbf' or recover

tablespace user_data;

>alter tablespace user_data online;

--method

4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log)

>alter tablespace user_data offline immediate;

>alter database create datafile

'd:oradatauser.dbf'as 'c:oradatauser.dbf''

>recover tablespace user_data;

>alter tablespace user_data online

5.perform

an open database backup

> alter tablespace user_data begin backup;

> copy files /backup/

> alter database datafile '/c:/../data.dbf' end

backup;

> alter system switch logfile;

6.backup

a control file

> alter database backup controlfile to

'control1.bkp';

> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

7.recovery (noarchivelog mode)

> shutdown abort

> cp files

> startup

8.recovery of file in backup mode

>alter database datafile 2 end backup;

9.clearing redo log file

>alter database clear unarchived logfile group

1;

>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1

unrecoverable datafile;

10.redo

log recovery

>alter database add logfile group 3

'c:oradataredo03.log'size 1000k;

>alter database drop logfile group 1;

>alter database open;

or

>cp c:oradataredo02.log' c:oradataredo01.log

>alter database clear logfile

'c:oradatalog01.log';