什么是自动化：就是写代码帮你测试，原来你测试都是手动点点点，现在你写代码来帮你点点点。
一.自动化框架
可以理解为工具的集合，把日常所需要实现功能的代码，模块进行封装起来结合其他的工具进行测试。得出结论报告。
二.做自动框架步骤：
1.读取excel 获取用例，
2.解析用例
3.解析返回结果进行对比，检查是否通过还是失败
4.把返回的结果写入excel
5.生成报告，发邮件
三.搭建自动化框架
框架目录结构：
excel用例表格：
import os,sys BAE_PATH = os.path.dirname( os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) ) #atp的目录 sys.path.insert(0,BAE_PATH) from conf.setting import CASE_PATH from core import case_operation,parse_param,parse_response from core import tools import glob #glob文件路径查询 class RunCase: content = ''' 各位好！ 本次测试结果：总共运行%s条用例，通过%s条，失败%s条。详细信息见附件。 ''' def get_excel(self): #s='/Users/nhy/test*.xls' for excel in glob.glob(os.path.join(CASE_PATH,'test*.xls')): cases = case_operation.get_case(excel)#调用读取excel的函数 results = self.send_requests(cases) #发送请求，并校验结果 report_file_path = tools.write_res(excel,results)#写入结果 all_count = len(cases) #总共多条用例 fail_count = all_count - self.success_count content = self.content%(all_count,self.success_count,fail_count) tools.send_mail(content,report_file_path) def send_requests(self,cases): # #[[url,get,data,check],[url,get,data,check]] self.success_count = 0 results = [] for case in cases: url,method,param,check = case #获取到每条用例的参数 p = parse_param.ParseParam(param) #解析请求参数 data = p.strToDict()#请求参数转成字典 response = case_operation.send_request(url,method,data)#发请求 #下面这2行代码是判断用例执行是否通过的 p2 = parse_response.ResponseParse(response,check) status, msg = p2.check_res()#调用写好的校验结果方法, real_res = str(response)+'\n'+msg #是把校验的信息和返回的json拼到一起 results.append([real_res,status]) #这里面的小list是每一个用例运行的结果 if status == '通过': self.success_count += 1 #统计成功的次数 return results #返回运行的结果 def main(self): print('开始测试'.center(50,'*')) self.get_excel() print('测试结束'.center(50,'*')) if __name__ == '__main__': run = RunCase() run.main()
用例读取，判断请求方式
import xlrd from core.my_requests import MyRequest def get_case(path): ''' :param path: excel测试用例 :return: 二维数组，每一个里面是一条测试用例 ''' all_case = [] book = xlrd.open_workbook(path) sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0) for i in range(1,sheet.nrows): row_data = sheet.row_values(i)[4:8] all_case.append(row_data) #[[url,get,data,check],[url,get,data,check]] return all_case def send_request(url,method,data,headers=None): req = MyRequest(url,data,headers=headers) if method.upper()=="POST": res = req.post() elif method.upper() =='GET': res = req.get() else: res = {"data":"暂时不支持该方法！"} return res['data']
文件配置
import requests import nnlog from conf.setting import LOG_PATH import os BAE_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) #atp的目录 LOG_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'logs') #log目录 CASE_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'cases') #case目录 REPORT_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'report') #report目录 CORE_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'core') #core目录 MAIL_INFO = { 'user':'xxxx@qq.com', 'password':'sdfsdf', 'host':'smtp.qq.com', 'smtp_ssl':True,#发件箱是qq邮箱的话，改成True } TO = ['511402865@qq.com','496647026@qq.com','649623416@qq.com','ray-zuo@qq.com']
URL获取参数进行解析
import requests import nnlog import os from conf.setting import LOG_PATH class MyRequest: log_file_name = os.path.join(LOG_PATH,'MyRequest.log')#日子文件名 time_out = 10 #请求超时时间 def __init__(self,url,data=None,headers=None,file=None): self.url = url self.data = data self.headers = headers self.file = file def post(self): try: req = requests.post(self.url,data=self.data,headers=self.headers, files=self.file,timeout=self.time_out) except Exception as e: res = {"status":0,"data":e.args} #0代表请求失败 else: try: res = {"status":1,"data":req.json()} #1代表返回的json except Exception as e: res = {"staus":2,"data":req.text} #2代表返回不是json log_str = 'url： %s 请求方式：post data：%s ,返回数据：%s'%(self.url,self.data,res) self.write_log(log_str) return res def get(self): try: req = requests.get(self.url,params=self.data,headers=self.headers,timeout=self.time_out) except Exception as e: res = {"status":0,"data":e.args} #0代表请求失败 else: try: res = {"status":1,"data":req.json()} #1代表返回的json except Exception as e: res = {"staus":2,"data":req.text} #2代表返回不是json log_str = 'url： %s get请求 data：%s ,返回数据：%s'%(self.url,self.data,res) self.write_log(log_str) return res @classmethod def write_log(cls,content): log = nnlog.Logger(cls.log_file_name) log.debug(content)
解析请求数据
import random import string import time class ParseParam: #这个类是用来解析请求参数的 func_map = ['phone','email','id_card','cur_time','money'] #映射函数的 def __init__(self,param): self.param = param self.parse() def phone(self): phone_starts = ['134','181','138','177','150','132','188','186','189','130','170','153','155'] start = random.choice(phone_starts) end = str(random.randint(0,99999999)) res = start+ end.zfill(8) return res def email(self): email_end=['163.com','qq.com','126.com','sina.com'] end = random.choice(email_end) start_str='ATP_test_' email_start = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits,6)) return start_str+email_start+'@'+end '''def id_card(self): #这个产生身份证号的 return 410881199011212121 def cur_time(self): return int(time.time()) def order_id(self): #从数据库里面获取 pass def session_id(self): #从redis里面获取的 pass def money(self): return 10000 ''' def parse(self): for func in self.func_map: temp = str(getattr(self,func)()) #手机号 self.param = self.param.replace('<%s>'%func,temp) def strToDict(self): #这个函数是把请求参数转成字典的 data ={} pl = self.param.split(',') for p in pl: temp = p.split('=') if len(temp)>1: key,value = temp data[key] = value return data if __name__ == '__main__': param = 'username=niuhanyang' \ ',phone=<phone>,email=<email>' \ ',id_card=<id_card>,start_time=' \ '<cur_time>,balan=<money>' p = ParseParam(param) data = p.strToDict() print(data) '''print(p.phone()) # res = getattr(p,'money') #获取一个对象里面的属性（方法、变量） # # print(res()) # import os,requests # res = hasattr(requests,'get')#判断某个模块、类下面有没有某个方法或者变量 # print(res) 用例的支持参数化，支持以下参数化： <phone> 自动产生手机号 <id_card> 身份证号 <email> 邮箱 <cur_time> 当前时间戳 '''
校验检查点
import jsonpath class ResponseParse: seqs = ['!=', '>=', '<=', '=', '<', '>', 'in', 'notin'] #定义支持的运算符 def __init__(self,response,check): self.response = response self.check = check #进行解析 校验结果，预期结果 def format_check(self): #格式化检查信息，分别列出key 运算符 实际结果 #会返回 [['error_code','=','0'],['name','!=','xxx']] format_list = [] check_list = self.check.split(',') for s in check_list: for seq in self.seqs: if seq in s: if len(s.split(seq))>1: key, value = s.split(seq) temp = [key, seq, value] format_list.append(temp) break return format_list #1.检查点解析完成 def get_real_value(self,key): #从字典里面获取key对应的value res = jsonpath.jsonpath(self.response,'$..%s'%key) #$..%s这个是jsonpath这个模块的用法 if res: return res[0] return '找不到该key【%s】'%key #2.取得实际的值 def operation_check(self,real,seq,hope): #根据运算符判断结果（实际结果，运算符，预期结果） msg = "判断信息：%s %s %s "%(real,seq,hope) real = str(real)#为了保持类型一致 if seq=='=': status = real == hope elif seq=='!=': status = real != hope elif seq =='in': status = real in hope elif seq =='notin': status = real not in hope else: status,msg = self.num_check(real,seq,hope) return status,msg def num_check(self,real,seq,hope): #判断数值类型的 msg = "判断信息：%s %s %s "%(real,seq,hope) try: real=float(real) hope=float(hope) except Exception as e: msg = "比较时出错，大小比较只能是数字类型！" \ "%s %s %s"%(real,seq,hope) status = False else: if seq=='>': status = real > hope elif seq =='<': status = real < hope elif seq == '<=': status = real <= hope else: status = real >= hope return status,msg def check_res(self): #校验所有的检查点 check_list = self.format_check() all_msg='' for check in check_list:#循环所有的检查点 key,seq,hope = check real = self.get_real_value(key) status,msg = self.operation_check(real,seq,hope) all_msg = all_msg+msg+'\n' #累加提示信息 if status: pass else: return '失败',all_msg return '通过',all_msg
产生excel文件写入校验结果
import xlrd from xlutils.copy import copy import os import datetime from conf import setting import yagmail def make_today_dir(): #创建当天的文件夹，返回绝对路径 today = str(datetime.date.today()) #c:/xxx/xxx/atp/report/2018-11-24/测试用例.xls abs_path = os.path.join(setting.REPORT_PATH,today) #拼成当天的绝对路径 if os.path.exists(abs_path): pass else: os.mkdir(abs_path) return abs_path def write_res(case_path,case_res): #c:/xxx/xxx/atp/cases/测试用例.xls #[ ['{"xdfsdf}','通过'],['{"xdfsdf}','失败'] ] book = xlrd.open_workbook(case_path) new_book = copy(book) sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0) for row,res in enumerate(case_res,1): response,status = res sheet.write(row,8,response) sheet.write(row,9,status) #写第8列和第9列 cur_date_dir = make_today_dir()#创建当前文件夹，并且返回绝对路径 file_name = os.path.split(case_path)[-1] #只获取到filename cur_time = datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%H%M%S') #获取到当天时分秒 new_file_name = cur_time+'_'+file_name #165530_测试用例.xls real_path = os.path.join(cur_date_dir,new_file_name)#拼路径 new_book.save(real_path) return real_path def send_mail(content,file_path=None): #发邮件，传入邮件正文和附件 m = yagmail.SMTP(**setting.MAIL_INFO,) subject = '接口测试报告_%s'%str(datetime.datetime.today()) m.send(subject=subject,to=setting.TO,contents=content,attachments=file_path)
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