Ansible 笔记 (3) - 编写 playbook

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-30 19:18:54 发布

18790970257

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-30 19:18:54 发布

阅读量52

点赞数

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/lxmhhy/p/6506314.html

版权

playbook 相当于多个命令的编排组合然后一起运行，类似写脚本。在学习 playbook 之前需要了解 yaml 格式。

编写playbook的步骤：

定义主机与用户
编写任务列表
执行 playbook

当然 playbook 支持拆分多个文件，并且可以使用多种维度的封装，例如定义变量、任务、处理程序等，鼓励代码/文件复用。

下面是安装 nginx 和 ntp server 的示例。

1、文件目录结构

[root@localhost ansible_demo]# tree nginx_ntp/
nginx_ntp/
├── group_vars
│   ├── all
│   └── webserver
├── hosts
├── roles
│   ├── common
│   │   ├── handlers
│   │   │   └── main.yml
│   │   ├── tasks
│   │   │   └── main.yml
│   │   ├── templates
│   │   │   └── ntp.conf.j2
│   │   └── vars
│   │       └── main.yml
│   └── web
│       ├── handlers
│       │   └── main.yml
│       ├── tasks
│       │   └── main.yml
│       └── templates
│           └── nginx2.conf
└── site.yml

11 directories, 11 files

2、Inventory 文件

[root@localhost nginx_ntp]# cat hosts
[webserver]
192.168.34.129
192.168.34.130

3、playbook 入口文件

[root@localhost nginx_ntp]# cat site.yml 
---
- name: apply common configuration to all nodes
  hosts: all
  roles:
    - common

- name: configure and deploy the webserver and application code
  hosts: webserver
  roles:
    - web

4、组变量文件

根据 inventory 来区分，all 表示所有，webserver 则指 hosts 中的 webserver section

[root@localhost nginx_ntp]# cd group_vars/
[root@localhost group_vars]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 32 Mar  6 18:12 all
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 72 Mar  6 18:24 webserver
[root@localhost group_vars]# cat all 
---
ntpserver: ntp.sjtu.edu.cn

[root@localhost group_vars]# cat webserver --- worker_processes: 4 root: /data1 worker_connections: 1024 user: www

5、roles 设置

5.1、角色 common 配置，

安装 ntp server，配置文件并同步时间启动 ntp server

任务入口 tasks

[root@localhost nginx_ntp]# cd roles/common/tasks/
[root@localhost tasks]# cat main.yml 
---
- name: install ntp server
  yum: name=ntp state=present

- name: set zone info
  shell: \cp -rf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime - name: update time shell: ntpdate asia.pool.ntp.org - name: configure ntp file template: src=ntp.conf.j2 dest=/etc/ntp.conf notify: - restart ntp - name: start ntp server service: name=ntpd state=started enabled=true - name: test to see if selinux is running command: getenforce register: sestatus changed_when: false

name 为 configure ntp file 的任务运行后的 callback handlers

[root@localhost common]# cat handlers/main.yml 
---
- name: restart ntp
  service: name=ntpd state=restarted

template 源文件

[root@localhost common]# cat templates/ntp.conf.j2 
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict -6 :: 1

server {{ ntpserver }}
includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw
keys /etc/ntp/keys

role common 内置变量

[root@localhost common]# cat vars/main.yml 
---
ntpserver: 210.72.145.44

5.2 角色 web 配置

安装 nginx，配置文件并启动

任务入口 tasks

[root@localhost web]# cat tasks/main.yml 
---

- name: install nginx
  yum: name=nginx state=latest

- name: add user
  shell: useradd {{ user }}

- name: write config
  template: src=nginx2.conf dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf notify: - restart nginx - name: ensure nginx is running shell: /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

name 为 write config 的任务运行后的 callback handlers

[root@localhost web]# cat handlers/main.yml 
---
- name: restart nginx
  service: name=nginx state=restarted

template 文件

[root@localhost web]# cat templates/nginx2.conf 
user  www;
worker_processes  {{ worker_processes }};

events {
    worker_connections  {{ worker_connections }};
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;


    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        root         {{ root }};

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } }

6 检查语法和运行

[root@localhost nginx_ntp]# ansible-playbook -i hosts site.yml --syntax-check
ERROR! Problem parsing file '/data1/ansible_demo/nginx_ntp/group_vars/all': line 2, column 1

发现 all 文件出错，修改后继续

[root@localhost nginx_ntp]# ansible-playbook -i hosts site.yml --syntax-check

playbook: site.yml
[root@localhost nginx_ntp]# ansible-playbook -i hosts site.yml -f 10

PLAY [apply common configuration to all nodes] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.34.130]
ok: [192.168.34.129] TASK [common : install ntp server] ********************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.34.129] ok: [192.168.34.130] TASK [common : set zone info] *************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.34.130] changed: [192.168.34.129] TASK [common : update time] ***************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.34.130] changed: [192.168.34.129] TASK [common : configure ntp file] ********************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.34.129] changed: [192.168.34.130] TASK [common : start ntp server] ************************************************************************************************************ changed: [192.168.34.130] changed: [192.168.34.129] TASK [common : test to see if selinux is running] ******************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.34.130] ok: [192.168.34.129] RUNNING HANDLER [common : restart ntp] ****************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.34.129] changed: [192.168.34.130] PLAY [configure and deploy the webserver and application code] ****************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.34.130] ok: [192.168.34.129] TASK [web : install nginx] ****************************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.34.130] ok: [192.168.34.129] TASK [web : add user] *********************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.34.129] changed: [192.168.34.130] TASK [web : write config] ******************************************************************************************************************* changed: [192.168.34.129] changed: [192.168.34.130] TASK [web : ensure nginx is running] ******************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.34.129] changed: [192.168.34.130] RUNNING HANDLER [web : restart nginx] ******************************************************************************************************* changed: [192.168.34.129] changed: [192.168.34.130] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************** 192.168.34.129 : ok=14 changed=9 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.34.130 : ok=14 changed=9 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@localhost nginx_ntp]#

7、被控机验证

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ps -ef | grep ntp
ntp       39081      1  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 ntpd -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g
root      39384   2517  0 18:27 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ntp
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root      39370      1  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
www       39372  39370  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process                   
www       39373  39370  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process                   
www       39374  39370  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process                   
www       39375  39370  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process                   
root      39420   2517  0 19:03 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxmhhy/p/6506314.html

18790970257

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Ansible 笔记 (3) - 编写 playbook

playbook 相当于多个命令的编排组合然后一起运行，类似写脚本。在学习 playbook 之前需要了解 yaml 格式。编写playbook的步骤：定义主机与用户编写任务列表执行 playbook当然 playbook 支持拆分多个文件，并且可以使用多种维度的封装，例如定义变量、任务、处理程序等，鼓励代码/文件复用。下面是安装 nginx 和 ntp serve...
复制链接

扫一扫