Multicasting
Source S sends packets to multicast group G1 (and minimize the number of copies)
Reverse-Path Broadcasting (RPB)
Reverse-Path Broadcasting(反向路径广播) Fact: Set of shortest paths to the source node S forms a shortest path tree that spans the network
Approach: Follow paths in reverse direction Assume each router knows current shortest path to S
Upon receipt of a multicast packet, router records the packet’s source address and the port it arrives on If shortest path to source is through same port (“parent port”), router forwards the packet to all other ports Else, router drops the packet Loops are suppressed; each packet forwarded a router exactly once Implicitly assume shortest path to source S is same as shortest path from source
Example: Shortest Paths from S
Spanning tree of shortest paths to node S and parent ports are shown in read
Example: S sends a packet
Node 1 forwards it to all other ports (links shown in blue)
Example: Hop 1 nodes broadcast
Nodes 2, 3, 4, and 5 broadcast, except on parent ports
Example: Broadcast continues
All nodes, not only G1, receive packets
Truncated RPB (TRPB)
Truncated RPB (TRPB): Leaf routers do not broadcast if none of its attached hosts belong to packet’s multicast group
Internet Group Management Protocol
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP): allows a host to signal its multicast group membership to its attached router Each multicast router periodically sends an IGMP query message to check whether there are hosts belonging to multicast groups Routers determine which multicast groups are associated with a certain port Routers only forward packets on ports that have hosts belonging to the multicast group
Reverse-Path Multicasting
Reverse Path Multicasting (RPM) relies on IGMP to identify multicast group membership RPM is an enhancement of TRPB, but unlike TRPB, RMP forwards a multicast packet only to a router that will lead to a leaf router with group members.
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/vancasola/p/7745469.html