参考http://www2.flash8.net/teach/6280.htm,在此对作者表示深刻的感谢。
1.速度与加速度
物体的运动都是沿着一定的方向,以恒定或是加速度的方式的运动的。在FALSH中要使物体以一个恒定的速度运动,就需要我们在每一帧不断的累加恒定的速度。这里面我们使用一种帧的循环的方式,来使物体不断的累加恒定的速度,以达到目的地。
1.1.恒速
var speedX;
var speedY;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Event): void {
ball.x += speedX;
ball.y += speedY;
}
var speedY;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Event): void {
ball.x += speedX;
ball.y += speedY;
}
1.2.角度
当物体的运动不是沿着水平或竖直的方向时,我们就需要用到三角函数了。
var speed
=
10
;
var angle = 15 ;
var radian = angle * Math.PI / 180 ;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Event): void {
vx = Math.cos(radians)*speed;
vy = Math.sin(radians)*speed;
ball.x += vx;
ball.y += vy;
}
var angle = 15 ;
var radian = angle * Math.PI / 180 ;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Event): void {
vx = Math.cos(radians)*speed;
vy = Math.sin(radians)*speed;
ball.x += vx;
ball.y += vy;
}
1.3.加速度
物理学中的加速度公式是vt = v0 + at。FLASH中的应用基本类似,只是将时间用时间轴代替了。所以用公式vx += ax;即可实现。
var ax
=
0.5
;
var vx;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Event): void {
vx += ax;
ball.x += vx;
}
var vx;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Event): void {
vx += ax;
ball.x += vx;
}
1.3.2.重力
重力实际上就是加速度,但它有一个特殊性是只做用在y轴上,我们把重力定义成grav,与上面的加速度类似。
2.弹力
弹性,一般是指物体接触到到某个边界,所进行的回弹,在FLASH中,我们需要做的是设置好边界,以及物体回弹的方向。那么如何确定它回弹的方向呢,我们设定一个边界,当小球超出边界时小球回弹,也就是方向改变了。以x轴为例应为:vx *= -1;实际上你可能发现它实际上就是vx = -vx;
2.1.弹性中无能量损失
//
设定边界
var top = 0 ;
var left = 0 ;
var right = 400 ;
var bottom = 300 ;
var vx = 10 ;
var vy = 10 ;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Evnet): void {
if(ball.x + ball.width > right){
ball.x = right - ball.width ;
vx *= -1;
}
if(ball.x < left){
ball.x = left ;
vx *= -1;
}
if(ball.y + ball.height > bottom){
ball.y = bottom - ball.height ;
vy *= -1;
}
if(ball.y < top){
ball.y = top ;
vy *= -1;
}
}
var top = 0 ;
var left = 0 ;
var right = 400 ;
var bottom = 300 ;
var vx = 10 ;
var vy = 10 ;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Evnet): void {
if(ball.x + ball.width > right){
ball.x = right - ball.width ;
vx *= -1;
}
if(ball.x < left){
ball.x = left ;
vx *= -1;
}
if(ball.y + ball.height > bottom){
ball.y = bottom - ball.height ;
vy *= -1;
}
if(ball.y < top){
ball.y = top ;
vy *= -1;
}
}
2.2.弹性中有能量损失
在上面的例子,小球在回弹时我们设定当碰到边界时直接回弹,也就是vx *= -1;并没有能量的损失,但在现实生活中,小球在回弹时要有一定的能量损失,其中还要有重力加速度的影响,通过上面的例子我们可以得出结论,当回弹速度设为1时无能量损失,其中的负号只是代表方向,当小于1时会产生能量损失,也就是我们通常说的摩擦,如:vx *= -0.7;
//
设定边界
var top = 0 ;
var left = 0 ;
var right = 400 ;
var bottom = 300 ;
// 设定重力加速度变量garv
var garv = 0.5 ;
var vx = 10 ;
var vy = 10 ;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Evnet): void {
//反弹and弹性中的能量损失
vy+=garv;
if(ball.x + ball.width > right){
ball.x = right - ball.width ;
vx *= -0.7;
}
if(ball.x < left){
ball.x = left ;
vx *= -0.7;
}
if(ball.y + ball.height > bottom){
ball.y = bottom - ball.height ;
vy *= -0.7;
}
if(ball.y < top){
ball.y = top ;
vy *= -0.7;
}
}
var top = 0 ;
var left = 0 ;
var right = 400 ;
var bottom = 300 ;
// 设定重力加速度变量garv
var garv = 0.5 ;
var vx = 10 ;
var vy = 10 ;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , onEnterFrame);
function onEnterFrame( event :Evnet): void {
//反弹and弹性中的能量损失
vy+=garv;
if(ball.x + ball.width > right){
ball.x = right - ball.width ;
vx *= -0.7;
}
if(ball.x < left){
ball.x = left ;
vx *= -0.7;
}
if(ball.y + ball.height > bottom){
ball.y = bottom - ball.height ;
vy *= -0.7;
}
if(ball.y < top){
ball.y = top ;
vy *= -0.7;
}
}
3.1.弹簧
弹簧的实现方法为定义一个目标点,计算出到它的距离,加速度为距离与摩擦系数的积,同时还需要使用摩擦。
var dragging
=
false
;
var targetx = 200 ;
var targety = 150 ;
var fraction = 0.9 ;
var vx = 0 ;
var vy = 0 ;
var dx = 0 ;
var dy = 0 ;
ball.x = targetx;
ball.y = targety;
ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN , drag);
ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP , drop);
function start( event :Event): void {
if(!dragging){
dx = targetx - ball.x ;
dy = targety - ball.y ;
vx += dx*.3;
vy += dy*.3;
vx *= fraction;
vy *= fraction;
ball.x += vx;
ball.y += vy;
}
}
function drag( event :MouseEvent): void {
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , start);
ball.startDrag();
dragging = true;
}
function drop( event :MouseEvent): void {
ball.stopDrag();
dragging = false;
}
var targetx = 200 ;
var targety = 150 ;
var fraction = 0.9 ;
var vx = 0 ;
var vy = 0 ;
var dx = 0 ;
var dy = 0 ;
ball.x = targetx;
ball.y = targety;
ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN , drag);
ball.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP , drop);
function start( event :Event): void {
if(!dragging){
dx = targetx - ball.x ;
dy = targety - ball.y ;
vx += dx*.3;
vy += dy*.3;
vx *= fraction;
vy *= fraction;
ball.x += vx;
ball.y += vy;
}
}
function drag( event :MouseEvent): void {
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , start);
ball.startDrag();
dragging = true;
}
function drop( event :MouseEvent): void {
ball.stopDrag();
dragging = false;
}
3.2.与鼠标相连的弹簧
我们把上例进行一下简单的扩展,我们可以将目标地点设为光标的坐标值,同时可以使用drawing api用画线的方式将其相连起来。
var fraction
=
0.9
;
var vx = 0 ;
var vy = 0 ;
var dx = 0 ;
var dy = 0 ;
ball.x = 200 ;
ball.y = 150 ;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , start);
function start( event :Event): void {
var dx = mouseX - ball.x - ball.width/2;
var dy = mouseY - ball.y ;
vx += dx*.3;
vy += dy*.3;
vx *= fraction;
vy *= fraction;
ball.x += vx;
ball.y += vy;
//画线与mouse相连
this.graphics.clear();
this.graphics.lineStyle(1,0,100);
this.graphics.moveTo(mouseX,mouseY);
this.graphics.lineTo(ball.x + ball.width/2,ball.y + ball.height/2);
}
var vx = 0 ;
var vy = 0 ;
var dx = 0 ;
var dy = 0 ;
ball.x = 200 ;
ball.y = 150 ;
ball.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME , start);
function start( event :Event): void {
var dx = mouseX - ball.x - ball.width/2;
var dy = mouseY - ball.y ;
vx += dx*.3;
vy += dy*.3;
vx *= fraction;
vy *= fraction;
ball.x += vx;
ball.y += vy;
//画线与mouse相连
this.graphics.clear();
this.graphics.lineStyle(1,0,100);
this.graphics.moveTo(mouseX,mouseY);
this.graphics.lineTo(ball.x + ball.width/2,ball.y + ball.height/2);
}