1、服务端配置
安装即可,无需启动,在安装ansible之前需要配置epel源
[root@m01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
[root@m01 ~]# yum makecache
[root@m01 ~]# yum install ansible -y #安装ansible
修改配置文件,指定主机组已经主机信息
[root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts #修改配置文件/etc/ansible/hosts
[test] #主机组名,通过组名进行分类便于管理
10.0.0.7 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
10.0.0.51 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
[root@Web01 ~]# vim /etc/ssh/ssh_config
StrictHostKeyChecking no #配置服务端ssh配置文件,不询问是否连接
2、ansible模块使用
查看帮助ansable-doc -s user
2.1、测试主机组下的主机是否存活模块ping
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m ping
10.0.0.51 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
2.2、命令模块command(不支持管道和分号)
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m command -a "date"
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Thu May 17 17:54:36 CST 2018
10.0.0.51 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Thu May 17 17:56:17 CST 2018
2.3、模块shell(支持管道和分号)
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m shell -a 'ifconfig eth0|grep "inet addr:"'
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
inet addr:10.0.0.7 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
10.0.0.51 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
inet addr:10.0.0.51 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
2.4、用户管理模块user
模块参数说明:
name:指定用户名
password:设定用户密码,password参数需要接受md5加密后的值
state:用户状态,默认为present,present:表示添加用户,absent:表示删除用户
update_password:修改用户密码,always:新密码和旧密码不同时进行修改,on_create:为新创建的用户指定密码
createhome:创建家目录,yes:默认项,即创建用户默认是有家目录的,no:创建用户时不创建家目录
remove:yes:删除用户家目录,需要指定此参数
no:默认项,删除用户时默认不删除用户的家目录
system:yes:默认创建为普通用户,而非系统用户,如果不指定默认生成的选项有:
home:创建家目录
shell:创建默认的shell为/bin/bash
system:默认创建为普通用户,而非系统用户,指定是用yes
user模块中的password是需要经过md5加密的
[root@m01 ~]# echo 123456|openssl passwd -1 -stdin
$1$66TtUpmH$Fkcg13VjPwXXBPZoEpHgB/
添加用户
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m user -a 'name=abc password=$1$66TtUpmH$Fkcg13VjPwXXBPZoEpHgB/ createhome=no shell=/bin/sh system=yes uid=888'
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"create_home": false,
"group": 499,
"home": "/home/abc",
"name": "abc",
"password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD",
"shell": "/bin/sh",
"state": "present",
"system": true,
"uid": 888
}
10.0.0.51 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"create_home": false,
"group": 495,
"home": "/home/abc",
"name": "abc",
"password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD",
"shell": "/bin/sh",
"state": "present",
"system": true,
"uid": 888
}
删除用户
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m user -a 'name=abc state=absent'
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"force": false,
"name": "abc",
"remove": false,
"state": "absent"
}
10.0.0.51 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"force": false,
"name": "abc",
"remove": false,
"state": "absent"
}
2.5、任务计划模块cron
模块参数说明:
模块参数详解:
state:present:创建任务,absent:删除任务
backup:对远程主机上的原任务计划内容修改之前做备份
job:要执行的任务
name:该任务的描述(必须项)
user:以哪个用户的身份运行
minute:分钟(0-59,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*
hour:小时(0-23,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*
day:日(1-31,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*
month:月(1-12,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*
weekday:周(0-7,*,……),不写默认为*
创建一个定时任务,每5分钟同步一次时间
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m cron -a 'name="every 5 minute sync time" minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp2.aliyun.com"'
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": [
"every 5 minute sync time"
]
}
10.0.0.51 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": [
"every 5 minute sync time"
]
}
删除该定时任务
[root@m01 ~]# ansible test -m cron -a 'name="every 5 minute sync time" minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp2.aliyun.com" state=absent'
10.0.0.51 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": []
}
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": []
}
2.6、远程复制备份模块copy
模块参数说明:
src:指定源文件路径,可以是相对路径,也可以是绝对路径,可以是目录(并非是必须的,可以使用content,直接生成文件内容)
dest=:指定目标文件路径,只能是绝对路径,如果src是目录,此项必须是目录
owner:指定属主
group:指定属组
mode:指定权限,可以以数字指定比如0644
content:代替src,直接往dest文件中写内容,可以引用变量,也可以直接使用inventory中的主机变量
backup:在覆盖之前将原文件备份,备份文件包含时间信息。有两个选项:yes|no
force:yes:默认项,如果目标主机包含该文件,但内容不同,则强制覆盖
no:则只有当目标主机的目标位置不存在该文件时,才复制
directory_mode:递归的设定目录的权限,默认为系统默认权限
复制本地文件到远程主机并对原文件进行备份
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m copy -a 'src=/tmp/abc.txt dest=/tmp/ backup=yes'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
"backup_file": "/tmp/abc.txt.2017-02-07@10:55:31~",
"changed": true,
"checksum": "13520f9e1a6f0b2ca9557d85825616c3680b4edc",
"dest": "/tmp/abc.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "baae19d280afe4e2df1799daa37bebba",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 18,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436129.98-98537282809491/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
"backup_file": "/tmp/abc.txt.2017-02-07@10:55:31~",
"changed": true,
"checksum": "13520f9e1a6f0b2ca9557d85825616c3680b4edc",
"dest": "/tmp/abc.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "baae19d280afe4e2df1799daa37bebba",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 18,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436130.19-187127825454744/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
向远程主机的文件中写内容,会把原内容覆盖掉
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m copy -a 'content="\nMy age is 26" dest=/tmp/abc.txt'
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "e1cbbec8927a295a767fa44e91dea6eeafa5a4f4",
"dest": "/tmp/abc.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "55ec30ce5102aa8716b75ab5e98163a7",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 13,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436336.05-254449966786008/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "e1cbbec8927a295a767fa44e91dea6eeafa5a4f4",
"dest": "/tmp/abc.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "55ec30ce5102aa8716b75ab5e98163a7",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 13,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436348.0-188270058505341/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
2.7、远程文件管理模块file
模块参数说明:
owner:修改属主
group:修改属组
mode:修改权限
path=:要修改文件的路径
recurse:递归的设置文件的属性,只对目录有效
yes:表示使用递归设置
state:
touch:创建一个新的空文件
directory:创建一个新的目录,当目录存在时不会进行修改
link:创建软连接,结果src一起使用此选项才生效
hard:创建硬连接
absent:删除文件,目录,软连接
src:当state=link时,要被连接文件的源路径
新建一个文件
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei.txt state=touch'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/liuwei.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/liuwei.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
新建一个目录
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei state=directory'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/liuwei",
"size": 4096,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/liuwei",
"size": 4096,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
删除文件或者目录
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei.txt state=absent'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/tmp/liuwei.txt",
"state": "absent"
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/tmp/liuwei.txt",
"state": "absent"
}
递归设置文件的属主或者属组
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei owner=root group=root recurse=yes'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/liuwei",
"size": 4096,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/liuwei",
"size": 4096,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
为文件设置软连接
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'src=/tmp/liuwei state=link path=/tmp/liuzhengwei'
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/liuzhengwei",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"size": 11,
"src": "/tmp/liuwei",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/liuzhengwei",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"size": 11,
"src": "/tmp/liuwei",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
2.8、远程主机执行本地脚本模块script
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m script -a '/tmp/a.sh'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "",
"stdout": "Tue Feb 7 11:26:41 CST 2017\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"Tue Feb 7 11:26:41 CST 2017"
]
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "",
"stdout": "Tue Feb 7 11:26:52 CST 2017\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"Tue Feb 7 11:26:52 CST 2017"
]
}
2.9、收集远程主机信息模块setup
收集可用的facts,收集每个节点的相关信息:架构信息,IP,时间,域名,网卡,MAC,主机名,CPU等信息。
这些收集的信息,可以作为变量。
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m setup
2.10、安装模块yum
模块参数说明:
name:表示要安装软件包的名字,默认最新的程序包,指明要安装的程序包,可以带上版本号
state:表示是安装还卸载
present:默认的,表示为安装
lastest:安装为最新的版本
absent:表示删除
2.11服务模块service
模块参数说明:
enabled:表示设置服务开机是否启动,取值为true或者false;enabled=yes
name=:表示要控制哪一个服务
state:
started:表示现在就启动此服务
stopped:表示现在关闭此服务
restarted:表示重启此服务
sleep:如果执行了restarted,在stop和start之间沉睡几秒
runlevel:定义在哪些级别可以自启动
arguments:表示向命令行传递的参数
[root@localhost tmp]#ansible erp -m service -a 'enabled=on name=httpd state=started'
2.12、文件编辑模块lineinfile
模块参数说明:
path:指定要修改的配置文件
regexp:匹配要修改的内容
line:要增加或者修改的内容
state:
absent:表示删除,当匹配到时进行删除
present:表示增加,当匹配到时进行修改,当没有匹配到时在最后增加一行,默认为此项
backrefs:
no:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;
yes:表示如果没有匹配到,则不变line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;
backup:
no:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;不备份原文件
yes:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;备份原文件
insertafter(匹配的是此行):
在匹配到的行之后添加一行
insertbefore(匹配的是此行):
在匹配到的行之前添加一行
3、ansible剧本YAML
playbook是由一个或多个"play"组成的列表。play的主要功能在于将事先归并为一组的主机装扮成事先通过ansible中的task定义好的角色。从根本上来讲,所有task无非是调用ansible的一个module。将多个play组织在一个playbook中,即可以让他们连同起来按事先编排的机制同唱一台大戏。
剧本1:
[root@m01 scripts]# vim first.yml
- hosts: test #指定主机组名
tasks: #任务
- name: test host ping #操作名称
ping: #ansible模块名称
[root@m01 scripts]# ansible-playbook first.yml #执行
PLAY [test] *************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.7]
ok: [10.0.0.51]
TASK [test host ping] ***************************************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.7]
ok: [10.0.0.51]
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************
10.0.0.51 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
剧本2:
[root@m01 scripts]# vim second.yml
- hosts: test
tasks:
- name: test host ping
ping:
- name: check hostname
command: hostname
[root@m01 scripts]# ansible-playbook second.yml
PLAY [test] *************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.7]
ok: [10.0.0.51]
TASK [test host ping] ***************************************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.7]
ok: [10.0.0.51]
TASK [check hostname] ***************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.7]
changed: [10.0.0.51]
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************
10.0.0.51 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
剧本3:
[root@m01 scripts]# vim third.yml
- hosts: test
tasks:
- name: test host ping
ping:
- name: check hostname
command: hostname
- name: sleep 10
shell: sleep 10
[root@m01 scripts]# ansible-playbook third.yml
PLAY [test] *************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.51]
ok: [10.0.0.7]
TASK [test host ping] ***************************************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.51]
ok: [10.0.0.7]
TASK [check hostname] ***************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.51]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
TASK [sleep 10] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.7]
changed: [10.0.0.51]
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************
10.0.0.51 : ok=4 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=4 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
剧本4:
[root@m01 scripts]# cat forth.yml
- hosts: test
tasks:
- name: ping baidu.com
shell: ping www.baidu.com -c4
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd enabled=no state=restarted sleep=3
[root@m01 scripts]# ansible-playbook forth.yml
PLAY [test] *************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.7]
ok: [10.0.0.51]
TASK [ping baidu.com] ***************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.51]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
TASK [install httpd] ****************************************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.51]
ok: [10.0.0.7]
TASK [start httpd] ******************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.7]
changed: [10.0.0.51]
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************
10.0.0.51 : ok=4 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=4 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
剧本5:
利用ansible配置rsync服务端backup和客户端web01,在本地ansible服务器的配置文件中加入相应主机组,并在本地创建/srv/rsyncd.conf
[root@m01 srv]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[rsync_client]
10.0.0.7 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
[backup]
10.0.0.41 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
[root@m01 srv]# pwd
/srv
[root@m01 srv]# vim rsyncd.conf
#rsync server
##rsyncd.conf start##
uid = rsync
gid = rsync
use chroot = no
max connections = 2000
timeout = 600
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
hosts allow = 192.168.1.0/24
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
#####################################
[backup]
comment = back server by har
path = /backup
[root@m01 scripts]# vim backup.yml
- hosts: backup
tasks:
- name: server
shell: useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin rsync;mkdir /backup;chown -R rsync:rsync /backup
- name: copy rsyncd.conf
copy: src=/srv/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf force=yes
- name: password file and start rsync daemon
shell: echo "rsync_backup:rsync" >/etc/rsync.password;chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password;rsync --daemon; netstat -lntup|grep 873
- hosts: rsync_client
tasks:
- name: client
shell: echo "rsync">/etc/rsync.password;chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
- name: rsync dir
shell: rsync -avz /etc/sysconfig rsync_backup@192.168.1.41::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
[root@m01 scripts]# ansible-playbook -v backup.yml #执行