本文章为作者原创,有问题的地方请提出指正。
1、类继承Diagram
2、定义EndPoint类
目前仅仅定义了2个方法,分别用来获取本地或远程服务器的地址。
package netty; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; /** * @author xfyou * @date 2019/8/28 */ public interface EndPoint { /** * Return the local Inet address * * @return The local Inet address to which this <code>EndPoint</code> is bound, or <code>null</code> * if this <code>EndPoint</code> does not represent a network connection. */ InetSocketAddress getLocalAddress(); /** * Return the remote Inet address * * @return The remote Inet address to which this <code>EndPoint</code> is bound, or <code>null</code> * if this <code>EndPoint</code> does not represent a network connection. */ InetSocketAddress getRemoteAddress(); }
2、定义AbstractClass类
主要是定义几个抽象方法:
- doOpen - 创建引导类Bootstrap;
- doConnect - 创建Channel并连接远程服务器;
- getChannel - 获取已创建的Channel
另外,提供了2个公共的方法给外部调用:
- send - 发送消息(OutBound)
- receive - 接收消息 (InBound)
内部私有的write()方法。write方法负责在connect成功后,把消息写到远程peer。翻阅源码,我们可以看到如下的调用栈:
- channel.writeAndFlush
- pipeline.writeAndFlush (pipleline为channel实例所关联的pipleline实例)
- AbstractChannelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush (每个ChannelHanlder都有一个对应的ChannelHandlerContext,可以从这个ChannelHanlderConext获取Channel、ChannelHanlder和ChannelPipeline)
- AbstractChannelHandlerContext.write(在这个方法里面有一个executor.inEventLoop()的判断,这个地方很重要,它主要是判断当前线程是否是EventLoop分配的线程,如果是则直接使用EventLoop分配的线程执行,否则会将当前要执行的任务封装成一个Task,然后塞到一个LinkedBlockQueue里面去等待后续的调度执行。这样做的目的主要是就是把用户线程的操作封装成Task放入队列,统一由I/O线程来处理)
- AbstractChannelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush (每个ChannelHanlder都有一个对应的ChannelHandlerContext,可以从这个ChannelHanlderConext获取Channel、ChannelHanlder和ChannelPipeline)
- pipeline.writeAndFlush (pipleline为channel实例所关联的pipleline实例)
package netty; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import lombok.*; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.apache.commons.lang.NotImplementedException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * @author xfyou * @date 2019/8/29 */ @Slf4j @RequiredArgsConstructor abstract class AbstractClient implements EndPoint { @NonNull private String hostName; @NonNull private int port; @NonNull @Getter(value = AccessLevel.PROTECTED) private int connectionTimeout; protected final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); protected String respMsg; @SneakyThrows public void send(Object message) { doOpen(); doConnect(); write(message); } @SneakyThrows public String receive() { boolean b = countDownLatch.await(getConnectionTimeout(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); if (!b) { log.error("Timeout(" + getConnectionTimeout() + "ms) when receiving response message"); } return respMsg; } private void write(Object message) { Channel channel = getChannel(); if (null != channel) { ChannelFuture f = channel.writeAndFlush(byteBufferFrom(message)).syncUninterruptibly(); if (!f.isSuccess()) { log.error("Failed to send message to " + getRemoteAddress() + f.cause().getMessage()); } } } private ByteBuf byteBufferFrom(Object message) { return message instanceof String ? Unpooled.copiedBuffer((String) message, StandardCharsets.UTF_8) : Unpooled.copiedBuffer((byte[]) message); } @Override public InetSocketAddress getRemoteAddress() { return new InetSocketAddress(hostName, port); } @Override public InetSocketAddress getLocalAddress() { throw new NotImplementedException("This method is not need to be implemented"); } /** * Open client. * * @throws Throwable */ protected abstract void doOpen() throws Throwable; /** * Connect to server. * * @throws Throwable */ protected abstract void doConnect() throws Throwable; /** * Get the connected channel. * * @return channel */ protected abstract Channel getChannel(); }
4、定义NettyClient类
NettyClient类继承了AbstractClient类,主要是实现了doOpen、doConnect、getChannel类;同时实现了一个自定义的ChannelHander用来在ChannelActive时获取Channel以及有消息返回时读取消息。
- doOpen方法的实现。创建引导类并在引导类上注册相关属性;
- 注册NioEventLoopGroup,基于java NIO传输的一个线程池,线程池的默认大小为:CPU核数*2。当一个新的Channel被创建后,Netty会从这个NioEventLoopGroup中选择一个线程来为此Channel创建一个关联的EventLoop(用来监听关联Channel的所有的I/O事件,比如连接、断开连接、读、写等);
- 注册NioSocketChannel类类型,这个类型说明将要创建的Channel的实例的类型,客户端为:NioSocketChannel,服务器端为:NioServerSocketChannel;Bootstrap会根据这个class来创建一个BootstrapChannelFactory<NioSocketChannel>实例(Channel工厂类,用于将来在connect时创建Channel);
- 设置相关Option选项
- 注册自定义的ChannelHandler,这些ChannelHandler会被注册到与Channel相关联的ChannelPipleline中,用来拦截消息并做相应的处理。
- doConnect方法的实现。通过已创建的Channel来连接到远程服务器。前面我们已经在Bootstrap中设置的超时时间,所以connect时可以使用忽略线程中断阻塞的方式去连接,直到超时。connect时会先通过BootstrapChannelFactory<NioSocketChannel>来创建一个NioSocketChannel实例,并把这个NioSocketChannel实例注册到NioEventGroup中去(从线程池中按某种算法选择一个EventLoop来和当前的Channel建立对应关系,可以是1:N,即一个EventLoop可以对应多个Channel )。EventLoop同时也是一个EventLoopExecutor,EventLoop和Channel对应起来后就可以处理所有这个Channel的I/O操作了。一句话,某个Channel的所有I/O操作都是线程池(NioEventGroup)中的某个I/O线程(EventLoopExecutor)来异步处理的。
package netty; import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.channel.*; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; /** * @author xfyou * @date 2019/8/28 */ @Slf4j public class NettyClient extends AbstractClient { private Bootstrap bootstrap; private volatile Channel channel; private static final NioEventLoopGroup NIO_GROUP = new NioEventLoopGroup(); public NettyClient(String hostName, int port, int connectionTimeout) { super(hostName, port, connectionTimeout); } private class ClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> { @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { super.channelActive(ctx); channel = ctx.channel(); } @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) throws Exception { try { respMsg = msg.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); } finally { countDownLatch.countDown(); ctx.close(); } } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { log.error("An exception was thrown, cause:" + cause.getMessage()); ctx.close(); } } @Override protected void doOpen() throws Throwable { bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); bootstrap .group(NIO_GROUP) .remoteAddress(getRemoteAddress()) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true) .option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, getConnectionTimeout()) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler()); } }); } @Override public void doConnect() { ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect().syncUninterruptibly(); if (!f.isSuccess() && null != f.cause()) { log.error("The client failed to connect the server:" + getRemoteAddress() + ",error message is:" + f.cause().getMessage()); } } @Override protected Channel getChannel() { return channel; } }
5、测试类
package netty; import lombok.SneakyThrows; /** * Test * * @author xfyou */ public class Test { @SneakyThrows public static void main(String[] args) { NettyClient client = new NettyClient("127.0.0.1", 8080, 45000); client.send("aaa".getBytes()); // maybe do something else System.out.println(client.receive()); } }