前言
基础篇
进阶篇
常用标准库
实战篇
编程之路
标准输入输出流
stdinstdoutstderr
// 导入io包import 'dart:io';
void main() {
// 向标准输出流写字符串
stdout.write('root\$:');
// 从标准输入流读取一行字符串
var input = stdin.readLineSync();
// 带换行符的写数据
stdout.writeln("input data:$input");
// 向标准错误流写数据
stderr.writeln("has not error");
}
stdin除了可以使用readLineSync读一行字符串，还可以使用readByteSync读取一个字节。
文件操作
写文件
一种简便的操作方式，无需手动关闭文件，文件写入完成后会自动关闭
import 'dart:io';void main() async{
// 创建文件
File file = new File('test.txt');
String content = 'The easiest way to write text to a file is to create a File';
try {
// 向文件写入字符串
await file.writeAsString(content);
print('Data written.');
} catch (e) {
print(e);
}
}
writeAsString原型
Future<File> writeAsString(String contents,{FileMode mode: FileMode.write,
Encoding encoding: utf8,
bool flush: false})
mode文件模式，这里默认为写模式encoding字符编码，默认为utf-8flush是否立刻刷新缓存，默认为false
文件模式FileMode的常量
常量值说明
read只读模式write可读可写模式，如果文件存在则会覆盖append追加模式，可读可写，文件存在则往末尾追加writeOnly只写模式writeOnlyAppend只写模式下的追加模式，不可读除了writeAsString方法外，还可以使用writeAsBytes写入一个字节列表。需要注意的是，这两个方法都是异步执行的，返回值都是Future，如果有必要，也可以使用同步方法执行写入操作
writeAsStringSyncwriteAsBytesSync
如需要更灵活的控制，可以使用如下方式操作文件，但是需要手动关闭文件
import 'dart:io';void main() async{
// 创建文件
File file = new File('test.txt');
// 文件模式设置为追加
IOSink isk = file.openWrite(mode: FileMode.append);
// 多次写入
isk.write('A woman is like a tea bag');
isk.writeln('you never know how strong it is until it\'s in hot water.');
isk.writeln('-Eleanor Roosevelt');
await isk.close();
print('Done!');
}
读文件
简便的方式
readAsBytesreadAsBytesSyncreadAsStringreadAsStringSyncreadAsLinesreadAsLinesSync
void main() async{File file = new File('test.txt');
try{
String content = await file.readAsString();
print(content);
}catch(e){
print(e);
}
}
另一种更低级别的方式
import 'dart:io';import 'dart:convert';
void main() async{
try {
// LineSplitter Dart语言封装的换行符，此处将文本按行分割
Stream lines = new File('test.txt').openRead()
.transform(utf8.decoder).transform(const LineSplitter());
await for (var line in lines) {
print(line);
}
} catch (_) {}
}
文件的其他操作
import 'dart:io';void main() async{
File file = new File('test.txt');
// 判断文件是否存在
if(await file.exists()){
print("文件存在");
}else{
print("文件不存在");
}
// 复制文件
await file.copy("test-1.txt");
// 修改文件名。当传入不同路径时，可用来移动文件
await file.rename("test-2.txt");
// 获取文件 size
print(await file.length());
}
相应的，这些方法还有一个带Sync后缀的同步版本方法，例如copySync、renameSync等。
要获取文件更多的信息，还可以使用File等多个类的超类FileSystemEntity来操作
import 'dart:io';void main() async{
String path = 'test.txt';
// 判断路径是否是文件夹
if (!await FileSystemEntity.isDirectory(path)) {
print('$path is not a directory');
}
Directory dir = Directory(r'D:\workspace\dart_space\Tutorial');
// 目录是否存在
if(await dir.exists()){
// 从目录的list方法获取FileSystemEntity对象
Stream<FileSystemEntity> fse = await dir.list();
await for (FileSystemEntity entity in fse) {
if(entity is File){
print("entity is file");
}
// 打印文件信息
print(await entity.stat());
// 删除
await entity.delete();
}
}else{
// 不存在则创建。recursive为true时，创建路径上所有不存在的目录
await dir.create(recursive: true);
}
}
需注意，delete中包含一个可选的参数，原型Future<FileSystemEntity> delete({bool recursive: false})，recursive默认为false，当删除目录时，目录必须为空才能删除；当recursive设置为true时，将删除目录下的所有子目录及文件。
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