Backup and Recovery Issues [备份与恢复所关心的问题]
Protect the database from numerous types of failures Increase Mean-Time-Between-Failures(MTBF) [平均无故障时间] Decrease Mean-Time-To-Reconver(MTTR) [平均抢修时间] Minimize data loss
Categories of Failures
Statement failure(sql 语句
Causes of Statement Failures
Logic error in an application Attempt to enter invalid data into the table Attempt an operation with insufficient privileges Attempt to create a table but exceed allotted quota limits Attempt an INSERT or UPDATE to a table,causing an extent to be allocated,but with insufficient free space available in the tablespace. Resolutions
Correct the logcial flow of the program Modify and reissue the SQL statement Provide the necessary database privileges Change the user`s quota limit by using the ALTER USER command Add file space to the tablespace Enable resumable space allocation User process failure(即:客户端程序错误)
Causes User process failure
The user performed an abnormal disconnect in the session The user`s session was abnormally terminated The user`s program raised an address exception,which terminated the session Resolutions
The PMON process detects an abnormally terminated user process PMON rolls back the transaction and releases any resources and locks being held by it User error
Cause User error
DROP TABLE employees; TRUNCATE TABLE employees; DELETE FROM employees;COMMIT; UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.5;COMMIT; Resolution
Train the database user Recover from a valid backup Import the table from an export file Use LogMiner to determin the time of error(LogMiner是Oracle提供的一项工具;) Recover with a point-in-time recovery Use LogMiner to perform object-level recovery Use FlashBack to view and repair historical data(FlashBack是Oracle提供的一项工具;) Network failure Instance failure
Instance的本质,就是一堆进程加若干个内存块,最大的内存块就是SGA 最典型的Instance failure就是断电 SGA包含两大部分1、Data Buffer Cach;2、Redo Log Buffer Cash; Redo Log File里面的内容时实时更新的,Data Filel里的内容时滞后更新的. Cause User error
Recovery from Instance Failures
No special recovery action is needed from DBA Start the instance Wait for the "database opened" notification Notify users Check the alert log to determine the reason for the failure SMON进程每次在Instance启动的时候,就会检测Data File与Redo Log File 是否是synchronized,如果不同步,说明需要将Redo Log File里面的内容更新到Data File里,也需要将Undo表空间里的数据同步更新到Data File里面,确保Data File与Redo Log File及Undo Tablespace里面的数据同步.对于Instance Failure来讲,DBA不需要进行手工干预.DBA需要做的就是重新启动Instance,然后等待Instance自我修复(nomounted->mounted->opened).这个过程是SMON进程在操作. Media failure(磁盘、介质、磁带错误)
Causes of Media Failures
Head crash on a disk drive Physical problem in reading from or writing to database files File was accidentally erased Resolutions
The recovery strategy depends on which backup method was chosen and which files are affected. If available,apply archived redo log files to recover data committed since the last backup. Defining a Strategy
Business requirements
Mean time to recover Mean time between failure Evolutionary process Operational requirements
24-Hour operations Testing and validating backups Database volatility Technical considerations
Resources:hardware,software,manpower,and time Physical image copies of the operating system files Logical copies of the objects in the database Database configuration Transaction volume that affects desired frequency of backups Disaster Recovery issues
How will your business be affected in the event of a major disater,such as:
Earthquake,flood,or file Complete loss of machine Malfunction of storage hardware of software Loss of key personnel,for example the database administrator Do you have a plan for testing your strategy periodically? Management concurrence Summary
In this lesson,you should have learned how to:
Evaluate potential failures in your enviroment Develop a strategy dicated by business,operational,and technical requirements Consider a test plan for a backup and recovery strategy
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/arcer/archive/2013/03/16/2963547.html