1.在IDEA中新建Maven工程,使用archetype。
2.添加Maven依赖
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>4.0.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
目前项目的目录结构如下
3.添加一些文件夹
在main文件夹下新建java和test文件夹,并把java文件夹标记为Sources Root,test文件夹标记为Test Sources Root
标记之后的项目结构如下,熟悉的蓝色和绿色文件夹。
4.开始写SpringMVC基于Java配置的最简代码
建包,Java文件,测试java文件,HTML页面文件如下
下面是代码
package spittr.config; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class SpittrWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class<?>[]{RootConfig.class}; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return new Class<?>[]{WebConfig.class}; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[]{"/"}; } }
上面的配置会自动被servlet容器发现,其作用就和web.xml一样的。这是SpringMVC基于Java配置中最有必要理解的一点。
package spittr.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan("spittr.web") public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Bean public ViewResolver viewResolver() { InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver(); resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/"); resolver.setSuffix(".html"); resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true); return resolver; } @Override public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) { configurer.enable(); } }
package spittr.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; @Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"spittr"}, excludeFilters = { @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = EnableWebMvc.class) }) public class RootConfig { }
HTML页面非常简易
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Spittr</title> </head> <body> <h1>welcome to spittr</h1> </body> </html>
这四个代码就完成了web项目的最简配置
5.配置Tomcat服务器
右上角Edit Configuration...
这两个随便选都行
到此配置结束。运行服务。
出现问题发现页面只显示构建项目时产生的默认jsp文件。这样的话我们把自动生成的jsp和web.xml都删了。反正也用不到了。
整个初始web项目搭建就结束了。
最后看一下TestHelloController的内容。学习一下Spring提供的MVC测试。
import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import spittr.web.HomeController; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup; public class HomeControllerTest { @Test public void testHomePage() throws Exception { HomeController homeController = new HomeController(); MockMvc mockMvc = standaloneSetup(homeController).build(); mockMvc.perform(get("/homepage")).andExpect(view().name("home"));
//对controller模拟get请求,并且声明期望的结果是返回名为“home”的视图。 } }