<译>12个asp.net MVC最佳实践

上一周我我在罗马进行了两场对于开发完成不久的 http://www.dotnetromacesta.org/的Asp.net MVC的演讲。而其中一场演讲内容是关于我对于Asp.net MVC最佳实践的看法.因为这场演讲是在意大利进行的,为了大家能更好的阅读,我将演讲所用的 ppt翻译成英文。

     

关于Controller的最佳实践

1-删除AccountController

    让Demo代码在你的程序中是一个非常不好的做法。请永远不要使用AccountController.

2-隔离外部网络和Controller

     如果依赖HttpContext,数据访问类,配置,日志等,则会让程序难以测试,修改或者进一步开发。

3-使用一个IOC容器

    使达到第二条最佳实践更加容易,使用IOC容器管理所有外部依赖我使用 Ninject v2,这种IOC容器有很多,如果需要的话,你甚至可以自己实现一个。

4-和“神奇的strings”说不

    永远不要使用ViewData[“key”],而要为每一个视图创建一个ViewModel,从而使用强类型的ViewPage<ViewModel>.

    神奇的Strings是很邪恶的,因为你可能由于错误的拼写而导致视图出错,而强类型的Model不仅可以有智能感知,而且错误是在编译时获取而不是在运行时。

5-创建你自己的“个人惯例”

    使用Asp.net MVC作为你个人(或者公司)的参考构架的基础,你还可以使Controller和View继承于你自己的基类而不是默认的基类来让你的惯例更加透彻。

6-注意Verbs

    就算不使用最合适的HTTP Verb,最要也要采用PRG模式,(Post-Redirect-Get):使用Get来显示数据,使用Post来修改数据。

  

关于Model的最佳实践

7–DomainModel != ViewModel

     DomainModel代表着相应的域,但ViewModel却是为View的需要而创建。这两者之间或许(一般情况下都)是不同的,此外DomainModel是数据加上行为的组合体,是由复杂的变量类型组成的并且具有层次。而ViewModel只是由一些String等简单变量类型组成。如果想移除冗余并且容易导致出错的ORM代码,可以使用AutoMapper.如果想要了解更多,我推荐阅读:ASP.NET MVC View Model Patterns.

8-为“共享”的数据使用ActionFilter

     这是我自己的解决方案,或许需要在未来发帖继续探讨。通常情况下,你都不希望你的Controller获取的数据在几个不同的View之间共享,我的方法则是使用ActionFilter来获取在几个不同View之间共享的数据,然后用合适的View来显示。

关于View的最佳实践

9-不要使用CodeBehind模式

      永远不要。

10-尽可能的写HTML代码

      我认为Web开发人员必须的习惯于写HTML(或者CSS和JAVASCRIPT).所以最好少用仅仅用来隐藏HTML代码的HTMLHelper(比如HTML.Submit或者HTML.Button).这也是我会在未来的帖子里讨论的。

11-如果有if语句,使用HTMLHelper

      View必须是哑巴(Controller是瘦子而Model是胖子),如果你发现自己在使用if语句,那就写一个HTMLHelper来隐藏选择条件语句.

12-仔细的选择你的View引擎

     默认的引擎室WebFormViewEngine,IMHO并不是最好的引擎,我更倾向于选择Spark ViewEngine,因为对于我来说这个引擎更适合MVC的View.我喜欢的是“dominates the flow and that code should fit seamlessly”对于每一次循环来说IF语句都会被定义在”HTML标签“中.

DEMO代码和幻灯片的下载

     你可以下载幻灯片或者demo代码

 

 

 

 

原文链接:http://codeclimber.net.nz/archive/2009/10/27/12-asp.net-mvc-best-practices.aspx

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/gooddasenlin/archive/2010/08/15/1799889.html

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AspNetMVC2_RC_VS2008.exe ASP.NET MVC 2 Release Candidate Release Notes This document describes the Release Candidate release of the ASP.NET MVC 2 framework. Installation Notes 2 Documentation 2 Support 2 Upgrading an ASP.NET MVC 1.0 Project to ASP.NET MVC 2 2 New Features 3 ASP.NET MVC validation scripts have been moved to their own file 4 ASP.NET MVC validation scripts can be included at the top or bottom of a page 4 ASP.NET MVC validation scripts support globalization 4 Html.ValidationSummary helper method can display model-level errors 4 T4 templates in Visual Studio generate code that is specific to the target version of the .NET Framework 4 Other Improvements 4 Bug Fixes 5 Breaking Changes 5 Changes in ASP.NET MVC 2 Release Candidate 5 Changes in ASP.NET MVC 2 Beta 6 Changes in ASP.NET MVC 2 Preview 2 6 Changes in ASP.NET MVC 2 Preview 1 7 Known Issues 7 Disclaimer 8 This document describes the Release Candidate release of ASP.NET MVC 2 for Visual Studio 2008 SP1. Installation Notes The ASP.NET MVC 2 Release Candidate for Visual Studio 2008 SP1 can be downloaded from the following page: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=157071 ASP.NET MVC 2 can be installed and can run side-by-side with ASP.NET MVC 1.0. Note   Because Visual Studio 2008 and Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2 share a component of ASP.NET MVC 2, installing the ASP.NET MVC 2 Release Candidate release on a computer where Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2 is also installed is not supported. Documentation Documentation for ASP.NET MVC 2, which includes tutorials, technology overviews, code samples, and API reference, is available on the MSDN Web site. A good starting point is the ASP.NET Model View Controller (MVC) topic (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=159758). Tutorials and other information about ASP.NET MVC are also available on the ASP.NET Web site (http://www.asp.net/mvc/). Support This is a Release Candidate (RC) release and is not officially supported. If you have questions about working with this release, post them to the ASP.NET MVC forum (http://forums.asp.net/1146.aspx), where members of the ASP.NET community are frequently able to provide informal support. Upgrading an ASP.NET MVC 1.0 Project to ASP.NET MVC 2 To upgrade an existing ASP.NET MVC 1.0 application to version 2, follow these steps: Make a backup of the existing project. Open the project file in a text editor (the file with the .csproj or .vbproj file extension) and find the ProjectTypeGuid element. As the value of that element, replace the GUID {603c0e0b-db56-11dc-be95-000d561079b0} with {F85E285D-A4E0-4152-9332-AB1D724D3325}. When you are done, the value of that element should be as follows: <ProjectTypeGuids>{F85E285D-A4E0-4152-9332-AB1D724D3325};{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21};{fae04ec0-301f-11d3-bf4b-00c04f79efbc}</ProjectTypeGuids> In the Web application root folder, edit the Web.config file. Search for System.Web.Mvc, Version=1.0.0.0 and replace all instances with System.Web.Mvc, Version=2.0.0.0. Repeat the previous step for the Web.config file located in the Views directory. Open the project using Visual Studio, and in Solution Explorer, expand the References node. Delete the reference to System.Web.Mvc (which points to the version 1.0 assembly). Add a reference to System.Web.Mvc (v2.0.0.0). Add the following bindingRedirect element to the Web.config file in the application root under the configuraton section: <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> Create a new ASP.NET MVC 2 application. Copy the files from the Scripts directory of the new application into the Scripts directory of the existing application. Compile the application and run it. If any errors occur, refer to the Breaking Changes section of this document for possible solutions. New Features This section describes features that have been introduced in the ASP.NET MVC 2 Release Candidate release. ASP.NET MVC validation scripts have been moved to their own file To help reduce conflicts with other Ajax libraries, the built-in ASP.NET MVC validation scripts are now in a separate JavaScript file. ASP.NET MVC validation scripts can be included at the top or bottom of a page The server component that renders the client validation metadata now renders the metadata into a JavaScript variable. This allows the validation scripts to be included either at the top of the page or at the bottom, because the scripts will look for the variable and load the metadata when it is available. ASP.NET MVC validation scripts support globalization When the required ASP.NET Ajax globalization scripts are included in a page, the validation logic uses the culture-specific data for data types (such as dates and numbers) when it validates input text. The new Html.GlobalizationScript helper method can be used to render a reference to the globalization script for the current culture. Html.ValidationSummary helper method can display model-level errors Instead of always displaying all validation errors, the Html.ValidationSummary helper method has a new option to display only model-level errors. This enables model-level errors to be displayed in the validation summary and field-specific errors next to each field. T4 templates in Visual Studio generate code that is specific to the target version of the .NET Framework A new property is available to T4 files from the ASP.NET MVC T4 host that specifies the version of the .NET Framework that is used by the application. This allows T4 templates to generate code and markup that is specific to a version of the .NET Framework. In Visual Studio 2008, the value is always .NET 3.5. In Visual Studio 2010, the value is either .NET 3.5 or .NET 4. Other Improvements The following additional changes have been made to existing types and members for the ASP.NET MVC 2 Release Candidate release. The default HTML markup that is generated by the Add View dialog box has been changed to be consistent with the markup that is rendered by the templated helpers (Editor, EditorFor, Display, and DisplayFor). Buttons in a form can specify that they do not cause validation logic to run. The default is that every button in a form causes validation logic to run, and if validation fails, the validation logic blocks submission of the form. Enabling validation selectively for buttons lets you create forms that can post information even if a form is not complete or if the form contains data that is temporarily invalid. Client validators can specify when they run. Possible values are input (while the user is typing), blur (after the user is done typing and moves to another field), and submit (when the user submits the form). Bug Fixes The following bugs have been fixed in the ASP.NET MVC 2 Release Candidate release. The FileResult action result now supports non-US-ASCII characters in file names. Methods and properties of the TempDataDictionary class have been improved to better handle the case when items are flagged for removal from the dictionary. Support for validation in the IDataErrorInfo interface has been fixed. Breaking Changes The following changes might cause errors in existing ASP.NET MVC 1.0 applications. Changes in ASP.NET MVC 2 Release Candidate IIS script mapping script is no longer available in the installer The IIS script mapping script is a command-line script that is used to configure script maps for IIS 6 and for IIS 7 in Classic mode. The script-mapping script is not needed if you use the Visual Studio Development Server or if you use IIS 7 in Integrated mode. The scripts are available as a separate unsupported download on the ASP.NET CodePlex site. The Html.Substitute helper method in MVC Futures is no longer available Due to changes in the rendering behavior of MVC view engines, the Html.Substitute helper method does not work and has been removed. Changes in ASP.NET MVC 2 Beta The IValueProvider interface replaces all uses of IDictionary<string, ValueProviderResult> Every property or method argument that accepted IDictionary<string, ValueProviderResult> now accepts IValueProvider. This change affects only applications that include custom value providers or custom model binders. Examples of properties and methods that are affected by this change include the following: The ValueProvider property of the ControllerBase and ModelBindingContext classes. The TryUpdateModel methods of the Controller class. New CSS classes were added in the Site.css file that are used to style validation messages. Changes in ASP.NET MVC 2 Preview 2 Helpers now return an MvcHtmlString object In order to take advantage of the new HTML-encoding expression syntax in ASP.NET 4, the return type for HTML helpers is now MvcHtmlString instead of a string. Note that if you use ASP.NET MVC 2 and the new helpers with ASP.NET 3.5, you will not be able to take advantage of the HTML-encoding syntax; the new syntax is available only when you run ASP.NET MVC 2 on ASP.NET 4. JsonResult now responds only to HTTP POST requests In order to mitigate JSON hijacking attacks that have the potential for information disclosure, by default, the JsonResult class now responds only to HTTP POST requests. Ajax GET calls to action methods that return a JsonResult object should be changed to use POST instead. If necessary, you can override this behavior by setting the new JsonRequestBehavior property of JsonResult. For more information about the potential exploit, see the blog post JSON Hijacking on Phil Haack’s blog. Model and ModelType property setters on ModelBindingContext are obsolete A new settable ModelMetadata property has been added to the ModelBindingContext class. The new property encapsulates both the Model and the ModelType properties. Although the Model and ModelType properties are obsolete, for backward compatibility the property getters still work; they delegate to the ModelMetadata property to retrieve the value. Changes in ASP.NET MVC 2 Preview 1 Changes to the DefaultControllerFactory class break custom controller factories that derive from it The DefaultControllerFactory class was fixed by removing the RequestContext property. In place of this property, the request context instance is passed to the protected virtual GetControllerInstance and GetControllerType methods. This change affects custom controller factories that derive from DefaultControllerFactory. Custom controller factories are often used to provide dependency injection for ASP.NET MVC applications. To update the custom controller factories to support ASP.NET MVC 2, change the method signature or signatures to match the new signatures, and use the request context parameter instead of the property. “Area” is a now a reserved route-value key The string “area” in Route values now has special meaning in ASP.NET MVC, in the same way that “controller” and “action” do. One implication is that if HTML helpers are supplied with a route-value dictionary containing “area”, the helpers will no longer append “area” in the query string. If you are using the Areas feature, make sure to not use {area} as part of your route URL. Known Issues Adding a debugger watch that shows a value from TempData will mark it for deletion. The side effect was introduced as part of the changes to TempDataDictionary. Disclaimer This is a preliminary document and may be changed substantially prior to final commercial release of the software described herein. The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This White Paper is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places and events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo, person, place or event is intended or should be inferred. © 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

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