参考:
http://www.360doc.com/content/10/1103/12/1485725_66213001.shtml (URLEncode)
http://blog.csdn.net/uikoo9/article/details/27981219
计算机中的数据都是二进制的,不管是字符串还是文件,而加密后的也是二进制的,
而我们要看到的往往是字符串,本文就介绍了将byte[]转为各种进制以及base64编码。
是一种编码方式,可以理解为复杂的进制,很多算法加密后输出的都是byte[],而这个byte[]对我们显示的形式是不友好的(乱码),
所以一般都是转为base64的,当然也可以转为其他进制。
/** * 导入commons-codec.jar包 * @param s */ public static void main(String[] s){ String sss = "Aa1 23Aa+程序"; byte[] bytes = null; try { bytes = sss.getBytes("UTF-8"); for(byte b: bytes){ System.out.print(b+"(#)"); } } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } byte[] encode; try { encode = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64(bytes); System.out.print("\n"); for(byte b: encode){ System.out.print(b+"(y)"); } byte[] bytess = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.decodeBase64(encode); System.out.print("\n"); for(byte b: bytess){ System.out.print(b+"(x)"); } String sss2 = new String(bytess, "UTF-8"); System.out.print("\nsss2 === "+ sss2); sss = "Aa123 Aa程序#程序*程序+and程序"; String encode1 = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(sss, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("\njava.net.URLEncoder 结果: " + encode1); String sss3 = URLDecoder.decode(encode1, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("\njava.net.URLDecoder 结果: " + sss3); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } 运行结果: 65(#)97(#)49(#)32(#)50(#)51(#)65(#)97(#)43(#)-25(#)-88(#)-117(#)-27(#)-70(#)-113(#) 81(y)87(y)69(y)120(y)73(y)68(y)73(y)122(y)81(y)87(y)69(y)114(y)53(y)54(y)105(y)76(y)53(y)98(y)113(y)80(y) 65(x)97(x)49(x)32(x)50(x)51(x)65(x)97(x)43(x)-25(x)-88(x)-117(x)-27(x)-70(x)-113(x) sss2 === Aa1 23Aa+程序 java.net.URLEncoder 结果: Aa123+Aa%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%23%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F*%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%2Band%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F java.net.URLDecoder 结果: Aa123 Aa程序#程序*程序+and程序
===============================自写base64encode方法=======================================
package com.game.charge.sign; public final class Base64 { static private final int BASELENGTH = 128; static private final int LOOKUPLENGTH = 64; static private final int TWENTYFOURBITGROUP = 24; static private final int EIGHTBIT = 8; static private final int SIXTEENBIT = 16; static private final int FOURBYTE = 4; static private final int SIGN = -128; static private final char PAD = '='; static private final boolean fDebug = false; static final private byte[] base64Alphabet = new byte[BASELENGTH]; static final private char[] lookUpBase64Alphabet = new char[LOOKUPLENGTH]; static { for (int i = 0; i < BASELENGTH; ++i) { base64Alphabet[i] = -1; } for (int i = 'Z'; i >= 'A'; i--) { base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - 'A'); } for (int i = 'z'; i >= 'a'; i--) { base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - 'a' + 26); } for (int i = '9'; i >= '0'; i--) { base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - '0' + 52); } base64Alphabet['+'] = 62; base64Alphabet['/'] = 63; for (int i = 0; i <= 25; i++) { lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char) ('A' + i); } for (int i = 26, j = 0; i <= 51; i++, j++) { lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char) ('a' + j); } for (int i = 52, j = 0; i <= 61; i++, j++) { lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char) ('0' + j); } lookUpBase64Alphabet[62] = (char) '+'; lookUpBase64Alphabet[63] = (char) '/'; } private static boolean isWhiteSpace(char octect) { return (octect == 0x20 || octect == 0xd || octect == 0xa || octect == 0x9); } private static boolean isPad(char octect) { return (octect == PAD); } private static boolean isData(char octect) { return (octect < BASELENGTH && base64Alphabet[octect] != -1); } /** * Encodes hex octects into Base64 * * @param binaryData Array containing binaryData * @return Encoded Base64 array */ public static String encode(byte[] binaryData) { if (binaryData == null) { return null; } int lengthDataBits = binaryData.length * EIGHTBIT; if (lengthDataBits == 0) { return ""; } int fewerThan24bits = lengthDataBits % TWENTYFOURBITGROUP; int numberTriplets = lengthDataBits / TWENTYFOURBITGROUP; int numberQuartet = fewerThan24bits != 0 ? numberTriplets + 1 : numberTriplets; char encodedData[] = null; encodedData = new char[numberQuartet * 4]; byte k = 0, l = 0, b1 = 0, b2 = 0, b3 = 0; int encodedIndex = 0; int dataIndex = 0; if (fDebug) { System.out.println("number of triplets = " + numberTriplets); } for (int i = 0; i < numberTriplets; i++) { b1 = binaryData[dataIndex++]; b2 = binaryData[dataIndex++]; b3 = binaryData[dataIndex++]; if (fDebug) { System.out.println("b1= " + b1 + ", b2= " + b2 + ", b3= " + b3); } l = (byte) (b2 & 0x0f); k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03); byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2) : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0); byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b2 >> 4) : (byte) ((b2) >> 4 ^ 0xf0); byte val3 = ((b3 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b3 >> 6) : (byte) ((b3) >> 6 ^ 0xfc); if (fDebug) { System.out.println("val2 = " + val2); System.out.println("k4 = " + (k << 4)); System.out.println("vak = " + (val2 | (k << 4))); } encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1]; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val2 | (k << 4)]; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[(l << 2) | val3]; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[b3 & 0x3f]; } // form integral number of 6-bit groups if (fewerThan24bits == EIGHTBIT) { b1 = binaryData[dataIndex]; k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03); if (fDebug) { System.out.println("b1=" + b1); System.out.println("b1<<2 = " + (b1 >> 2)); } byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2) : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0); encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1]; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[k << 4]; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD; } else if (fewerThan24bits == SIXTEENBIT) { b1 = binaryData[dataIndex]; b2 = binaryData[dataIndex + 1]; l = (byte) (b2 & 0x0f); k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03); byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2) : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0); byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b2 >> 4) : (byte) ((b2) >> 4 ^ 0xf0); encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1]; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val2 | (k << 4)]; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[l << 2]; encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD; } return new String(encodedData); } /** * Decodes Base64 data into octects * * @param encoded string containing Base64 data * @return Array containind decoded data. */ public static byte[] decode(String encoded) { if (encoded == null) { return null; } char[] base64Data = encoded.toCharArray(); // remove white spaces int len = removeWhiteSpace(base64Data); if (len % FOURBYTE != 0) { return null;//should be divisible by four } int numberQuadruple = (len / FOURBYTE); if (numberQuadruple == 0) { return new byte[0]; } byte decodedData[] = null; byte b1 = 0, b2 = 0, b3 = 0, b4 = 0; char d1 = 0, d2 = 0, d3 = 0, d4 = 0; int i = 0; int encodedIndex = 0; int dataIndex = 0; decodedData = new byte[(numberQuadruple) * 3]; for (; i < numberQuadruple - 1; i++) { if (!isData((d1 = base64Data[dataIndex++])) || !isData((d2 = base64Data[dataIndex++])) || !isData((d3 = base64Data[dataIndex++])) || !isData((d4 = base64Data[dataIndex++]))) { return null; }//if found "no data" just return null b1 = base64Alphabet[d1]; b2 = base64Alphabet[d2]; b3 = base64Alphabet[d3]; b4 = base64Alphabet[d4]; decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4); decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((b3 >> 2) & 0xf)); decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b3 << 6 | b4); } if (!isData((d1 = base64Data[dataIndex++])) || !isData((d2 = base64Data[dataIndex++]))) { return null;//if found "no data" just return null } b1 = base64Alphabet[d1]; b2 = base64Alphabet[d2]; d3 = base64Data[dataIndex++]; d4 = base64Data[dataIndex++]; if (!isData((d3)) || !isData((d4))) {//Check if they are PAD characters if (isPad(d3) && isPad(d4)) { if ((b2 & 0xf) != 0)//last 4 bits should be zero { return null; } byte[] tmp = new byte[i * 3 + 1]; System.arraycopy(decodedData, 0, tmp, 0, i * 3); tmp[encodedIndex] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4); return tmp; } else if (!isPad(d3) && isPad(d4)) { b3 = base64Alphabet[d3]; if ((b3 & 0x3) != 0)//last 2 bits should be zero { return null; } byte[] tmp = new byte[i * 3 + 2]; System.arraycopy(decodedData, 0, tmp, 0, i * 3); tmp[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4); tmp[encodedIndex] = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((b3 >> 2) & 0xf)); return tmp; } else { return null; } } else { //No PAD e.g 3cQl b3 = base64Alphabet[d3]; b4 = base64Alphabet[d4]; decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4); decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((b3 >> 2) & 0xf)); decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b3 << 6 | b4); } return decodedData; } /** * remove WhiteSpace from MIME containing encoded Base64 data. * * @param data the byte array of base64 data (with WS) * @return the new length */ private static int removeWhiteSpace(char[] data) { if (data == null) { return 0; } // count characters that's not whitespace int newSize = 0; int len = data.length; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (!isWhiteSpace(data[i])) { data[newSize++] = data[i]; } } return newSize; } }
public static void main(String[] s){
String sss = "Aa123Aa程序";
byte[] bytes = null;
try {
bytes = sss.getBytes("UTF-8");
for(byte b: bytes){
System.out.print(b+"(#)");
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String encode;
try {
encode = Base64.encode(bytes);
System.out.println("\nBase64.encode 结果: " + encode);
byte[] bytess = Base64.decode(encode);
for(byte b: bytess){
System.out.print(b+"(#)");
}
String sss2 = new String(bytess, "UTF-8");
System.out.print("\nsss2 === "+ sss2);
sss = "Aa123 Aa程序#程序*程序+and程序";
encode = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(sss, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("\njava.net.URLEncoder 结果: " + encode);
String sss3 = URLDecoder.decode(encode, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("\njava.net.URLDecoder 结果: " + sss3);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
运行结果:
65(#)97(#)49(#)50(#)51(#)65(#)97(#)-25(#)-88(#)-117(#)-27(#)-70(#)-113(#)
Base64.encode 结果: QWExMjNBYeeoi+W6jw==
65(#)97(#)49(#)50(#)51(#)65(#)97(#)-25(#)-88(#)-117(#)-27(#)-70(#)-113(#)
sss2 === Aa123Aa程序
java.net.URLEncoder 结果: Aa123+Aa%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%23%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F*%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%2Band%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F
java.net.URLDecoder 结果: Aa123 Aa程序#程序*程序+and程序