python zipapp_28.4. zipapp — Manage executable python zip archives — Python 3.6.12 文档

28.4.6.1.Making a Windows executable¶

On Windows, registration of the .pyz extension is optional, and

furthermore, there are certain places that don’t recognise registered

extensions “transparently” (the simplest example is that

subprocess.run(['myapp']) won’t find your application - you need to

explicitly specify the extension).

On Windows, therefore, it is often preferable to create an executable from the

zipapp. This is relatively easy, although it does require a C compiler. The

basic approach relies on the fact that zipfiles can have arbitrary data

prepended, and Windows exe files can have arbitrary data appended. So by

creating a suitable launcher and tacking the .pyz file onto the end of it,

you end up with a single-file executable that runs your application.

A suitable launcher can be as simple as the following:

#define Py_LIMITED_API 1

#include "Python.h"

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#include

#ifdef WINDOWS

int WINAPI wWinMain(

HINSTANCE hInstance, /* handle to current instance */

HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, /* handle to previous instance */

LPWSTR lpCmdLine, /* pointer to command line */

int nCmdShow /* show state of window */

)

#else

int wmain()

#endif

{

wchar_t **myargv = _alloca((__argc + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t*));

myargv[0] = __wargv[0];

memcpy(myargv + 1, __wargv, __argc * sizeof(wchar_t *));

return Py_Main(__argc+1, myargv);

}

If you define the WINDOWS preprocessor symbol, this will generate a

GUI executable, and without it, a console executable.

To compile the executable, you can either just use the standard MSVC

command line tools, or you can take advantage of the fact that distutils

knows how to compile Python source:

>>>from distutils.ccompiler import new_compiler

>>>import distutils.sysconfig

>>>import sys

>>>import os

>>>from pathlib import Path

>>>def compile(src):

>>> src = Path(src)

>>> cc = new_compiler()

>>> exe = src.stem

>>> cc.add_include_dir(distutils.sysconfig.get_python_inc())

>>> cc.add_library_dir(os.path.join(sys.base_exec_prefix, 'libs'))

>>> # First the CLI executable

>>> objs = cc.compile([str(src)])

>>> cc.link_executable(objs, exe)

>>> # Now the GUI executable

>>> cc.define_macro('WINDOWS')

>>> objs = cc.compile([str(src)])

>>> cc.link_executable(objs, exe + 'w')

>>>if __name__ == "__main__":

>>> compile("zastub.c")

The resulting launcher uses the “Limited ABI”, so it will run unchanged with

any version of Python 3.x. All it needs is for Python (python3.dll) to be

on the user’s PATH.

For a fully standalone distribution, you can distribute the launcher with your

application appended, bundled with the Python “embedded” distribution. This

will run on any PC with the appropriate architecture (32 bit or 64 bit).