Chapter 13 索引与约束(Indexes and Constraints)

Chapter 13 索引与约束(Indexes and Constraints)

create table empcon
as
select *
from emp;

select *
from empcon;

SQL> desc empcon;
Name     Type         Nullable Default Comments
-------- ------------ -------- ------- --------
EMPNO    NUMBER(4)    Y                         
ENAME    VARCHAR2(10) Y                         
JOB      VARCHAR2(9)  Y                         
MGR      NUMBER(4)    Y                         
HIREDATE DATE         Y                         
SAL      NUMBER(7,2)  Y                         
COMM     NUMBER(7,2)  Y                         
DEPTNO   NUMBER(2)    Y      

create index empcon_ename_idx
on empcon(ename);

select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness
from user_indexes;

select index_name, table_name, column_name,column_position
from user_ind_columns
where upper(column_name) like  upper('ename');

create index empcon_job_sal_idx
on empcon(job,sal);

select index_name, table_name, column_name,column_position
from user_ind_columns
where upper(column_name) like  upper('job');

create index empcon_salgt_idx
on empcon(sal - 2000);

select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness
from user_indexes
where table_owner = 'SCOTT';

select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness
from user_indexes
where table_name = 'EMPCON';



SQL> @C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\RDBMS\ADMIN\utlxplan

explain plan for
select ename, job, sal, comm, deptno
from empcon
where (sal - 2000) < 0 ;

select id, operation, options, object_name, position
from plan_table;

truncate table plan_table;

explain plan for
select empno, ename, job, sal
from empcon
where ename like 'J%';

drop index empcon_job_sal_idx;

select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness
from user_indexes
where table_name = upper('empcon_job_sal_idx');

select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness
from dba_indexes
where owner = upper('SCOTT');

select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness
from dba_indexes
where table_name = 'EMPCON';

create table deptcon(
       deptno number(3),
       dname varchar(15) not null,
       loc varchar(20)
);

select *
from deptcon;

SQL> desc deptcon;
Name   Type         Nullable Default Comments
------ ------------ -------- ------- --------
DEPTNO NUMBER(3)    Y                         
DNAME  VARCHAR2(15)                           
LOC    VARCHAR2(20) Y  


insert into deptcon (deptno, dname, loc)
values
(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'BEIJING')

select * from deptcon;

insert into deptcon (deptno, dname, loc)
values
(20, '', 'GUANGZHOU');

insert into deptcon (deptno, dname, loc)
values
(20, 'UNKNOWN', 'GUANGZHOU');

select * from deptcon;

update deptcon
set dname = null
where deptno = 20;

update deptcon
set dname = 'ACCOUNTING'
where deptno = 20;

//约束

select owner, constraint_name,constraint_type, table_name
from user_constraints;

C: 代表Check 约束和not null(非空约束)
P: 代表Primary key
R: 代表REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY,就是外键(FOREIGN KEY)
U: 代表UNIQUE(唯一约束)

select owner, constraint_name, table_name, column_name
from user_cons_columns
where table_name like upper('deptcon');

alter table deptcon
drop constraint SYS_C005438;

select owner, constraint_name, table_name,column_name
from user_cons_columns;

alter table deptcon
add constraint deptcon_dname_uk unique(dname);

select * from deptcon;

delete from deptcon
where deptno = 20;

select * from deptcon;


alter table deptcon
add constraint deptcon_dname_uk unique(dname);

select owner, constraint_name, constraint_type,table_name,
       search_condition
from user_constraints;

insert into deptcon (deptno, dname, loc)
values(20,NULL,'牛街')

UK: UNIQUE KEY
PK: PRIMARY KEY
FK: FOREIGN KEY
CK: CHECK
NN: NOT NULL

insert into deptcon (deptno, dname, loc)
values(20,NULL,'狼山镇')

create table person(
       id varchar2(10),
       name varchar2(20),
       gender char(1),
       age number,
       constraint person_gender_ck
                  check(gender = 'F'),
       constraint person_age_ck
                  check(age between 18 and 35)
);



SQL> desc person;
Name   Type         Nullable Default Comments
------ ------------ -------- ------- --------
ID     VARCHAR2(10) Y                         
NAME   VARCHAR2(20) Y                         
GENDER CHAR(1)      Y                         
AGE    NUMBER       Y               

select owner, constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name,
       search_condition
from user_constraints
where table_name = 'PERSON';

insert into person(id,name,gender,age)
values(1001,'白小丫','F',22)

select * from person;

insert into person(id,name,gender,age)
values(1002,'王老五','M',22)

insert into person(id,name,gender,age)
values(1002,'李渊源','F',36);

insert into person(id,name,gender,age)
values(1002,'张三','F',17);

select * from deptcon;

alter table deptcon
add constraint deptcon_deptno_pk
    primary key (deptno);

update deptcon
set deptno = 30
where loc = '狼山镇';

select * from deptcon;

select owner, constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name,
       search_condition
from user_constraints
where table_name = 'DEPTCON';

select owner, constraint_name, table_name, column_name, position
from user_cons_columns
where table_name = 'DEPTCON';

insert into deptcon (deptno, dname, loc)
values(NULL, '公关','方圆广场');

insert into deptcon (deptno, dname, loc)
values(88, '公关','方圆广场');

select * from deptcon;

select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness
from user_indexes
where table_name = 'DEPTCON';

select index_name, table_name, column_name,column_position
from user_ind_columns
where table_name = 'DEPTCON';

create table empcon
as
select * from
from emp_dml;

select * from empcon;


alter table empcon
add constraint empcon_deptno_fk
    foreign key (deptno) references deptcon (deptno);
    
select distinct deptno
from empcon;

select *
from deptcon;

insert into deptcon
values(88,'保卫','狮子街');

select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness
from user_indexes
where table_name = 'EMPCON';

select index_name, table_name, column_name,column_position
from user_ind_columns
where table_name = 'EMPCON';

select owner, constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name,
       search_condition
from user_constraints
where table_name = 'EMPCON';

select owner, constraint_name, table_name, column_name, position
from user_cons_columns
where table_name = 'EMPCON';


insert into empcon(empno,ename,mgr,hiredate,sal,comm,deptno)
values (1010,'白小丫',7839,Sysdate,5000,1500,10);



insert into empcon(empno,ename,mgr,hiredate,sal,comm,deptno)
values (1010,'李渊源',7839,Sysdate,5000,1500,15);

insert into empcon(empno,ename,mgr,hiredate,sal,comm,deptno)
values (1010,'李渊源',7839,Sysdate,5000,1500,10);


select *
from empcon
where sal >= 5000;

delete from deptcon
where deptno = '88';

update deptcon
set deptno = 44
where deptno = 88;

select * from deptcon where deptno = 88;

update empcon
set deptno = 44
where deptno = 88;


select *
from empcon;

update empcon
set deptno = null
where deptno = 88;


update deptcon
set deptno = 44
where deptno = 88;

update empcon
set deptno = 44
where deptno is NULL;


select *
from empcon;


select *
from empcon
where deptno = 44;


drop table deptcon;

truncate table deptcon;

alter table deptcon
drop column deptno;

alter table empcon
drop constraint empcon_deptno_fk;


--on delete set null; 当主表中的一行数据被删除时,Oracle系统会自动地将所有从表中依赖于他的数据记录的外键改为空。
alter table empcon
add constraint empcon_deptno_fk
    foreign key (deptno) references deptcon(deptno)
    on delete set null;
    
    
select *
from deptcon
order by deptno;

select empno, ename, job, sal, deptno
from empcon
where deptno > 20
order by deptno;

delete from deptcon
where deptno = 44;

select * from deptcon;

select empno, ename, job, sal, deptno
from empcon
where deptno > 20
order by deptno;


select empno, ename, job, sal, deptno
from empcon
where deptno > 20
or deptno is null;

rollback;

alter table empcon
drop constraint empcon_deptno_fk;

--级联删除子表的数据
alter table empcon
add constraint empcon_deptno_fk
    foreign key (deptno) references deptcon (deptno)
    on delete cascade;
    
    
delete from deptcon
where deptno = 44;

select *
from deptcon;

select empno, ename, sal, job, deptno
from empcon;


--约束的维护

select owner, constraint_name,constraint_type, table_name,
       r_constraint_name, status
from user_constraints
where table_name = 'EMPCON';

select owner, constraint_name,constraint_type, table_name,
       r_constraint_name, status
from user_constraints
where table_name = 'DEPTCON';


alter table deptcon
disable constraint deptcon_deptcon_pk;

alter table deptcon
disable constraint deptcon_deptcon_pk casede;

alter table deptcon
enable constraint deptcon_deptcon_pk;

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/baoguo/articles/1556843.html

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