概述
持续集成(Continuous Integration,简称CI)是一种软件开发实践,团队开发人员每次都通过自动化的构建(编译、发布、自动化测试)来验证,从而尽早的发现集成错误。持续集成最大的优点是避免了传统模式在集成阶段的除虫会议(bug meeting),其要素包括统一的代码库、自动构建、自动测试、自动部署、频繁提交修改过的代码等。
Jenkins的前身是Hudson,是基于Java开发的一种持续集成工具,是一个开源软件项目,主要用于:
- 持续、自动地构建/测试软件项目,如CruiseControl与DamageControl;
- 监控一些定时执行的任务;
Jenkins的官网:http://jenkins-ci.org/,下面我总结一下Windows下Jenkins的安装和使用。
Jenkins安装
(1)安装素材
- JDK(Jenkins运行需要Java 1.6以上的版本)
- Jenkins安装包(官网下载)
(2)安装JDK
(3)安装Jenkins
运行Jenkins安装包,按提示安装即可,安装成功之后会自动打开网页http://localhost:8080/,Jenkins主界面如下所示:
Jenkins配置
(1)配置http端口号
Jenkins默认端口号是8080,如果该端口号与其他任务的端口号冲突,就需要更改。打开Jenkins安装目录下的Jenkins.xml文件,如下所示:
<!-- Windows service definition for Jenkins To uninstall, run "jenkins.exe stop" to stop the service, then "jenkins.exe uninstall" to uninstall the service. Both commands don't produce any output if the execution is successful. --> <service> <id>jenkins</id> <name>Jenkins</name> <description>This service runs Jenkins continuous integration system.</description> <env name="JENKINS_HOME" value="%BASE%"/> <!-- if you'd like to run Jenkins with a specific version of Java, specify a full path to java.exe. The following value assumes that you have java in your PATH. --> <executable>%BASE%\jre\bin\java</executable> <arguments>-Xrs -Xmx256m -Dhudson.lifecycle=hudson.lifecycle.WindowsServiceLifecycle -jar "%BASE%\jenkins.war" --httpPort=8080</arguments> <!-- interactive flag causes the empty black Java window to be displayed. I'm still debugging this. <interactive /> --> <logmode>rotate</logmode> <onfailure action="restart" /> </service>
将<arguments>元素中的httpPort的值8080改为其他值即可。
(2)管理插件
Jenkins默认安装了一些插件,可根据自己的需要再安装其他插件,我额外安装的插件有:MSBuild plugin、MSTest plugin、Git plugin、GitHub plugin、Email Extension plugin等。
(3)配置JDK
(4)配置Git和GitHub
(5)配置MSBuild
这个MSBuild是我编译DotNet程序用的,如果编译其他的(如C++程序),可点击Add MSBuild增加相应的MSBuild。
注意:如果电脑上未安装,可从其他电脑上拷贝一个。
(6)配置Extended E-mail Notification
问题:这样设置后还是出现“邮件发送失败”,如果哪位解决了,还请告知,谢谢
Jenkins构建项目
(1)新建项目
在Jenkins首页点击New Item,Item Name:JenkinsTest,选择freestyle Project,OK
(2)常规设置
勾选GitHub Project,输入Project url,如我的是“https://github.com/GaoHongchen/WinFormGit.git/”
(3)设置Source Code Management
在Source Code Management项中,选择Git,填写Repository URL:https://github.com/GaoHongchen/WinFormGit.git,其他默认
(4)设置Build Triggers
根据自己的情况进行勾选,我选的是Build when a change is pushed to GitHub
(5)设置Build
点击Add Build Step,进行选择:
1)Build a Visual Studio Project or solution using Build
2)Execute Windows batch command
Windows Batch Command如下:
"D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe" /rebuild "Debug" "%WORKSPACE%\WinFormGit\WinFormGit.sln" /out C:\WinFormGit.log
以上两种Build方式殊途同归,本项目中选择一种即可。
(6)设置Post-build Actions
点击Add post-build Action,我选择EMail notification,如下所示:
(7)开始构建
设置完成后,点击左侧的Build Now,开始进行构建
(8)构建结果
点击Console Output,查看构建过程及结果。若构建失败,在此可查看失败原因。
Console Output如下:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
Started by user anonymous Building in workspace D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree # timeout=10 Fetching changes from the remote Git repository > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe config remote.origin.url https://github.com/GaoHongchen/WinFormGit.git # timeout=10 Fetching upstream changes from https://github.com/GaoHongchen/WinFormGit.git > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe --version # timeout=10 > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe -c core.askpass=true fetch --tags --progress https://github.com/GaoHongchen/WinFormGit.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/master^{commit}" # timeout=10 > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/origin/master^{commit}" # timeout=10 Checking out Revision 2562db18b228c399d3d0e14f83ce305f09f64be1 (refs/remotes/origin/master) > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe config core.sparsecheckout # timeout=10 > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe checkout -f 2562db18b228c399d3d0e14f83ce305f09f64be1 > D:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe rev-list 2562db18b228c399d3d0e14f83ce305f09f64be1 # timeout=10 Path To MSBuild.exe: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe Executing the command cmd.exe /C " C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe /t:Rebuild /property:Configuration=Release;TargetFrameworkVersion=v4.0 "%WORKSPACE%\WinFormGit\WinFormGit.sln" " && exit %%ERRORLEVEL%% from D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace [workspace] $ cmd.exe /C " C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe /t:Rebuild /property:Configuration=Release;TargetFrameworkVersion=v4.0 "%WORKSPACE%\WinFormGit\WinFormGit.sln" " && exit %%ERRORLEVEL%% Microsoft(R) 生成引擎版本 4.0.30319.17929 [Microsoft .NET Framework 版本 4.0.30319.18052] 版权所有(C) Microsoft Corporation 2007。保留所有权利。 Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch. 生成启动时间为 2015/12/19 15:23:19。 项目“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit.sln”在节点 1 上(Rebuild 个目标)。 ValidateSolutionConfiguration: 正在生成解决方案配置“Release|x86”。 项目“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit.sln”(1)正在节点 1 上生成“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\WinFormGit.csproj”(2) (Rebuild 个目标)。 CoreClean: 正在删除文件“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\bin\Release\WinFormGit.exe”。 正在删除文件“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\bin\Release\WinFormGit.pdb”。 正在删除文件“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.csprojResolveAssemblyReference.cache”。 正在删除文件“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.Form1.resources”。 正在删除文件“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.Properties.Resources.resources”。 正在删除文件“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.csproj.GenerateResource.Cache”。 正在删除文件“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.exe”。 正在删除文件“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.pdb”。 ResolveAssemblyReferences: 将生成 TargetFramework 配置文件排除列表。 CoreResGen: "c:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin\NETFX 4.0 Tools\resgen.exe" /useSourcePath /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\Microsoft.CSharp.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\mscorlib.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Core.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Data.DataSetExtensions.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Data.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Deployment.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Drawing.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Windows.Forms.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Xml.dll" /r:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Xml.Linq.dll" /compile Form1.resx,obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.Form1.resources Properties\Resources.resx,obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.Properties.Resources.resources 正在将资源文件“Form1.resx”处理到“obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.Form1.resources”中。 正在将资源文件“Properties\Resources.resx”处理到“obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.Properties.Resources.resources”中。 GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 正在跳过目标“GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute”,因为所有输出文件相对于输入文件而言都是最新的。 CoreCompile: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Csc.exe /noconfig /nowarn:1701,1702 /nostdlib+ /platform:x86 /errorreport:prompt /warn:4 /define:TRACE /highentropyva- /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\Microsoft.CSharp.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\mscorlib.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Core.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Data.DataSetExtensions.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Data.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Deployment.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Drawing.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Windows.Forms.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Xml.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile\Client\System.Xml.Linq.dll" /debug:pdbonly /filealign:512 /optimize+ /out:obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.exe /resource:obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.Form1.resources /resource:obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.Properties.Resources.resources /target:winexe /utf8output Form1.cs Form1.Designer.cs Program.cs Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs Properties\Resources.Designer.cs Properties\Settings.Designer.cs "C:\Windows\TEMP\.NETFramework,Version=v4.0,Profile=Client.AssemblyAttributes.cs" CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 正在将文件从“obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.exe”复制到“bin\Release\WinFormGit.exe”。 WinFormGit -> D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\bin\Release\WinFormGit.exe 正在将文件从“obj\x86\Release\WinFormGit.pdb”复制到“bin\Release\WinFormGit.pdb”。 已完成生成项目“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit\WinFormGit.csproj”(Rebuild 个目标)的操作。 已完成生成项目“D:\Program Files\Jenkins\jobs\JenkinsTest\workspace\WinFormGit\WinFormGit.sln”(Rebuild 个目标)的操作。 已成功生成。 0 个警告 0 个错误 已用时间 00:00:00.47 Finished: SUCCESS
最终,项目构建状态如下:
为了配置好Jenkins,我可是构建了12次啊。虽然花费了不少时间,但学会了用Jenkins持续集成,这还是令人高兴的,哈哈。。。