用户登录与注册是每个网站、app中最重要的知识点！它直接涉及到了用户的基本信息，帐号的安全。因此设计好用户的登录与注册在开发中显得尤其重要，这几天正好学习玩了drf，是时候来一波总结了——关于用户登录与注册方面的。当然，本次的总结会结合更早期原生DjangoForm方式的登录来做一次对比。希望能够搞清楚一些问题！
用户登录
不管是有没有用到前后端分离，其实用户登录最核心的思想是没有变化的——拿到前端传递过来的用户名以及密码，在数据库中对用户名或密码进行检验，存在此用户则通过，不存在则抛出异常。
基于DjangoForm的用户登录
model的设计
from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class UserInfo(AbstractUser): """继承AbstractUser表并向里加几条数据""" phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True, verbose_name="手机号码") avatar = models.FileField(upload_to="media/avatars", default="static/img/touxiang.jpg", verbose_name="头像") create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="用户角色创建时间") class Meta: verbose_name = "用户" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name<wiz_code_mirror>
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from django.db import models
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from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
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class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
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"""继承AbstractUser表并向里加几条数据"""
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phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True, verbose_name="手机号码")
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avatar = models.FileField(upload_to="media/avatars", default="static/img/touxiang.jpg", verbose_name="头像")
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create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="用户角色创建时间")
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class Meta:
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verbose_name = "用户"
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verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
继承的是AbstractUser，继承AbstractUser的好处：
1）内置了很多字段不用自己重写
2）内置了密码加密，可以直接用
def set_password(self, raw_password): self.password = make_password(raw_password) # 点击进入make_password self._password = raw_password<wiz_code_mirror>
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def set_password(self, raw_password):
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self.password = make_password(raw_password) # 点击进入make_password
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self._password = raw_password
def make_password(password, salt=None, hasher='default'): """ Turn a plain-text password into a hash for database storage Same as encode() but generate a new random salt. If password is None then return a concatenation of UNUSABLE_PASSWORD_PREFIX and a random string, which disallows logins. Additional random string reduces chances of gaining access to staff or superuser accounts. See ticket #20079 for more info. """ if password is None: return UNUSABLE_PASSWORD_PREFIX + get_random_string(UNUSABLE_PASSWORD_SUFFIX_LENGTH) hasher = get_hasher(hasher) if not salt: salt = hasher.salt() return hasher.encode(password, salt)<wiz_code_mirror>
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def make_password(password, salt=None, hasher='default'):
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"""
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Turn a plain-text password into a hash for database storage
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Same as encode() but generate a new random salt. If password is None then
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return a concatenation of UNUSABLE_PASSWORD_PREFIX and a random string,
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which disallows logins. Additional random string reduces chances of gaining
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access to staff or superuser accounts. See ticket #20079 for more info.
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"""
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if password is None:
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return UNUSABLE_PASSWORD_PREFIX + get_random_string(UNUSABLE_PASSWORD_SUFFIX_LENGTH)
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hasher = get_hasher(hasher)
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if not salt:
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salt = hasher.salt()
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return hasher.encode(password, salt)
Django内置的帮助我们把保存至数据库的密码进行了加密操作，而且是不可逆的！
在前后端分离的项目中对用户的密码进行加密也有用到了这一点
def create(self, validated_data): """对密码进行加密""" user = super(UserRegSerializer, self).create(validated_data=validated_data) # 获取user user.set_password(validated_data['password']) # 用起来非常的方便只需要传入密码即可 user.save() return user<wiz_code_mirror>
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def create(self, validated_data):
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"""对密码进行加密"""
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user = super(UserRegSerializer, self).create(validated_data=validated_data) # 获取user
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user.set_password(validated_data['password']) # 用起来非常的方便只需要传入密码即可
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user.save()
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return user
这里下面会进行详解！
一套完整的流程是这样的。
1、urls.py
path('login/', views.login, name="login"),<wiz_code_mirror>
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path('login/', views.login, name="login"),
2、views.py
def login(request): if request.method == "POST": ret = {"status": True, "msg": ""} login_form = LoginForm(request.POST) if login_form.is_valid(): user = login_form.cleaned_data["user"] auth.login(request, user) # 登录之后返回某个页面 ret["msg"] = "/index/" return JsonResponse(ret) else: ret["status"] = False ret['msg'] = login_form.errors return JsonResponse(ret) login_form = LoginForm() context = {} context['login_form'] = login_form return render(request, 'login.html', context)<wiz_code_mirror>
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def login(request):
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if request.method == "POST":
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ret = {"status": True, "msg": ""}
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login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
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if login_form.is_valid():
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user = login_form.cleaned_data["user"]
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auth.login(request, user)
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# 登录之后返回某个页面
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ret["msg"] = "/index/"
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return JsonResponse(ret)
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else:
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ret["status"] = False
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ret['msg'] = login_form.errors
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return JsonResponse(ret)
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login_form = LoginForm()
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context = {}
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context['login_form'] = login_form
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return render(request, 'login.html', context)
3、forms.py
class LoginForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField( min_length=8, max_length=16, label='用户名', error_messages={ "required": "用户名不能为空", "max_length": "用户名不能超过16位", "min_length": "用户名不能小于8位", }, widget=forms.widgets.TextInput( attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "请输入用户名"}), ) password = forms.CharField( min_length=8, max_length=16, label='密码', error_messages={ "required": "用户名不能为空", "max_length": "用户名不能超过16位", "min_length": "用户名不能小于8位", }, widget=forms.widgets.PasswordInput( attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "请输入密码"}, ) ) def clean(self): """ 用户登录的校验该怎么做？ 用户输入帐号、密码去数据库中查找是否输入正确 auth模块下的authenticate :return: """ username = self.cleaned_data.get("username") password = self.cleaned_data.get("password") user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password) # 去数据库中查找用户填写的帐号、密码 if user is None: raise ValidationError("用户名或密码不正确！") else: self.cleaned_data['user'] = user return self.cleaned_data<wiz_code_mirror>
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class LoginForm(forms.Form):
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username = forms.CharField(
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min_length=8,
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max_length=16,
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label='用户名',
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error_messages={
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"required": "用户名不能为空",
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"max_length": "用户名不能超过16位",
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"min_length": "用户名不能小于8位",
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},
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widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(
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attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "请输入用户名"}),
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)
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password = forms.CharField(
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min_length=8,
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max_length=16,
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label='密码',
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error_messages={
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"required": "用户名不能为空",
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"max_length": "用户名不能超过16位",
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"min_length": "用户名不能小于8位",
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},
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widget=forms.widgets.PasswordInput(
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attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "请输入密码"},
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)
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)
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def clean(self):
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"""
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用户登录的校验该怎么做？
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用户输入帐号、密码去数据库中查找是否输入正确 auth模块下的authenticate
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:return:
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"""
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username = self.cleaned_data.get("username")
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password = self.cleaned_data.get("password")
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user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password) # 去数据库中查找用户填写的帐号、密码
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if user is None:
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raise ValidationError("用户名或密码不正确！")
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else:
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self.cleaned_data['user'] = user
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return self.cleaned_data
这里面有一个重中之重的知识点，就是DjangoForm的验证过程。查看源码即可知道
04，Django Form源码阅读
基于前后端分离的用户登录
models.py
同样是继承了AbstractUser！<wiz_code_mirror>
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同样是继承了AbstractUser！
前后端分离的方式实现用户登录其实有很多种方法来进行，跟着bobby老师所讲述的就有三种方式。
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