linux process id,How do you get the process ID of a program in Unix or Linux using Python?

问题

I'm writing some monitoring scripts in Python and I'm trying to find the cleanest way to get the process ID of any random running program given the name of that program

something like

ps -ef | grep MyProgram

I could parse the output of that however I thought there might be a better way in python

回答1:

Try pgrep. Its output format is much simpler and therefore easier to parse.

回答2:

From the standard library:

os.getpid()

回答3:

If you are not limiting yourself to the standard library, I like psutil for this.

For instance to find all "python" processes:

>>> import psutil

>>> [p.info for p in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid', 'name']) if 'python' in p.info['name']]

[{'name': 'python3', 'pid': 21947},

{'name': 'python', 'pid': 23835}]

回答4:

Also:

Python: How to get PID by process name?

Adaptation to previous posted answers.

def getpid(process_name):

import os

return [item.split()[1] for item in os.popen('tasklist').read().splitlines()[4:] if process_name in item.split()]

getpid('cmd.exe')

['6560', '3244', '9024', '4828']

回答5:

For Windows

A Way to get all the pids of programs on your computer without downloading any modules:

import os

pids = []

a = os.popen("tasklist").readlines()

for x in a:

try:

pids.append(int(x[29:34]))

except:

pass

for each in pids:

print(each)

If you just wanted one program or all programs with the same name and you wanted to kill the process or something:

import os, sys, win32api

tasklistrl = os.popen("tasklist").readlines()

tasklistr = os.popen("tasklist").read()

print(tasklistr)

def kill(process):

process_exists_forsure = False

gotpid = False

for examine in tasklistrl:

if process == examine[0:len(process)]:

process_exists_forsure = True

if process_exists_forsure:

print("That process exists.")

else:

print("That process does not exist.")

raw_input()

sys.exit()

for getpid in tasklistrl:

if process == getpid[0:len(process)]:

pid = int(getpid[29:34])

gotpid = True

try:

handle = win32api.OpenProcess(1, False, pid)

win32api.TerminateProcess(handle, 0)

win32api.CloseHandle(handle)

print("Successfully killed process %s on pid %d." % (getpid[0:len(prompt)], pid))

except win32api.error as err:

print(err)

raw_input()

sys.exit()

if not gotpid:

print("Could not get process pid.")

raw_input()

sys.exit()

raw_input()

sys.exit()

prompt = raw_input("Which process would you like to kill? ")

kill(prompt)

That was just a paste of my process kill program I could make it a whole lot better but it is okay.

回答6:

With psutil:

(can be installed with [sudo] pip install psutil)

import psutil

# Get current process pid

current_process_pid = psutil.Process().pid

print(current_process_pid) # e.g 12971

# Get pids by program name

program_name = 'chrome'

process_pids = [process.pid for process in psutil.process_iter() if process.name == program_name]

print(process_pids) # e.g [1059, 2343, ..., ..., 9645]

回答7:

For posix (Linux, BSD, etc... only need /proc directory to be mounted) it's easier to work with os files in /proc

Works on python 2 and 3 ( The only difference is the Exception tree, therefore the "except Exception", which i dislike but kept to maintain compatibility. Also could've created custom exception.)

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os

import sys

for dirname in os.listdir('/proc'):

if dirname == 'curproc':

continue

try:

with open('/proc/{}/cmdline'.format(dirname), mode='rb') as fd:

content = fd.read().decode().split('\x00')

except Exception:

continue

for i in sys.argv[1:]:

if i in content[0]:

# dirname is also the number of PID

print('{0:<12} : {1}'.format(dirname, ' '.join(content)))

Sample Output (it works like pgrep):

phoemur ~/python $ ./pgrep.py bash

1487 : -bash

1779 : /bin/bash

回答8:

This is a simplified variation of Fernando's answer. This is for Linux and either Python 2 or 3. No external library is needed, and no external process is run.

import glob

def get_command_pid(command):

for path in glob.glob('/proc/*/comm'):

if open(path).read().rstrip() == command:

return path.split('/')[2]

Only the first matching process found will be returned, which works well for some purposes. To get the PIDs of multiple matching processes, you could just replace the return with yield, and then get a list with pids = list(get_command_pid(command)).

Alternatively, as a single expression:

For one process:

next(path.split('/')[2] for path in glob.glob('/proc/*/comm') if open(path).read().rstrip() == command)

For multiple processes:

[path.split('/')[2] for path in glob.glob('/proc/*/comm') if open(path).read().rstrip() == command]

回答9:

The task can be solved using the following piece of code, [0:28] being interval where the name is being held, while [29:34] contains the actual pid.

import os

program_pid = 0

program_name = "notepad.exe"

task_manager_lines = os.popen("tasklist").readlines()

for line in task_manager_lines:

try:

if str(line[0:28]) == program_name + (28 - len(program_name) * ' ': #so it includes the whitespaces

program_pid = int(line[29:34])

break

except:

pass

print(program_pid)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3761639/how-do-you-get-the-process-id-of-a-program-in-unix-or-linux-using-python